对耒与耜的民俗学考量  

Folklore Investigation on Lei and Si

作　　者：阎莉 戚小明 Yan Li;Qi Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院社会学系

出　　处：《农业考古》2022年第6期134-141,共8页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金课题“空间社会学视阈下农村公共文化空间的变迁与乡村振兴研究”(项目编号:19BSH059)。

摘　　要：耒与耜是中国农耕历史中最早出现的农具,它们对中国农业耕作的起源和意义有着无与伦比的重要作用和价值。但是以往的考察主要从历史学、考古学、科学史角度来切入,而对其进行民俗学视角的探究还属凤毛麟角。本文试图从民俗学角度对这一古老农具加以考察,将耒与耜置于原始农耕的背景下探究二者起源的社会文化习俗。除此之外,耒与耜是作为最早的农具出现于世人面前,对人类的农业耕作起到了重要的推动作用,因为它们的先在性,人们对其赋予了许多神话与传说色彩。作为对二者民俗学的考察,我们探讨了围绕耒与耜形成的神话与传说,对这些神话与传说负载的农耕文化进行了考量。民俗学考察除了追溯耒与耜所蕴含的文化历史脉络,还关注它们在后世人类文化中的传承与影响。基于此,本文考察了耒与耜在后世各民族农耕习俗中的应用,透过这种民族学意义上的考察,让我们看到耒与耜在中国古老农耕文化中的沿袭特点。由此,我们看到,耒与耜这一古老农具不仅以物的层面存在于人们的农业耕作中,更是作为古老的文化习俗联结着传统与现在,这正是民俗学赋予耒与耜的文化价值和意义。Lei and si(ancient Chinese plough)are the earliest agricultural tools in Chinese agricultural history.They played an important role,which is incomparable for the origin and significance of Chinese agriculture and farming.However,previous investigations mainly focused on the perspectives of history,archaeology and science development,leaving few explorations from the perspective of folklore.This paper attempts to investigate these ancient agricultural tools from the perspective of folklore,and explore the social and cultural customs originating from the primitive farming society.In addition,lei and si appeared in the world as the earliest agricultural tools,which played an important role in promoting human agricultural cultivation.Because they were advanced during that time,people fabricated a lot of myths and legends related.This folklore investigation analyzed the myths and legends related to lei and si,considering the loaded agricultural cultures.Folklore investigation not only traces the cultural and historical context contained in si and lei,but also pays attention to the inheritance and influence in following generations.Therefore,this paper,from the perspective of folklore,investigates the application of lei and si in the following agricultural customs of all ethnic groups,figuring out their inheriting features in ancient Chinese agriculture.From this,it can be seen that Lei and si,an ancient agricultural tool,not only existed in people's agricultural cultivation at the material level,but also connected the ancient time and the present as an ancient cultural custom,with the cultural value and significance endowed by folklore.

关 键 词：耒与耜 农业耕作 民俗学 

分 类 号：K875[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]