辽宁省温带气旋龙卷的环境参数特征  

Environmental Characteristics of Extratropical Cyclone Tornadoes in Liaoning

作　　者：白华 袁潮 潘晓 杨磊 李得勤[1] Bai Hua;Yuan Chao;Pan Xiao;Yang Lei;Li Deqin(Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166;Shenyang Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning,Shenyang 110068;College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866;Kangping Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning,Shenyang 110500;Panjin Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning,Panjin 124010;Liaoning Warning Center of Meteorological Disaster Monitoring,Shenyang 110166)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110166 [2]辽宁省沈阳市气象局,沈阳110068 [3]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [4]辽宁省康平县气象局,沈阳110500 [5]辽宁省盘锦市气象局,盘锦124010 [6]辽宁省气象灾害监测预警中心,沈阳110166

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2023年第1期104-116,共13页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金(2017SYIAE12);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J059);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1507301);环渤海科技协同创新项目(QYXM202101);东北冷涡研究重点开放实验室开放基金(2022SYIAEKFMS05)。

摘　　要：利用欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析数据,统计1979—2020年辽宁省42个温带气旋龙卷环境背景和物理量参数特征,结果表明:辽宁省温带气旋龙卷多发于温带气旋中心的西南、东南象限,与冷锋前暖区相对应,主要分布在辽河平原中西部及渤海湾沿岸,强龙卷(EF2及以上级别)占比为28.6%。风暴相对螺旋度和对流有效位能的大值区出现在气旋西南—东南象限,呈带状分布,龙卷风暴主要分布于风暴相对螺旋度大值区西北侧、对流有效位能大值区的顶端的强梯度区附近。强龙卷参数最大值达0.7,其大值区与EF2及以上级别龙卷相对应。地面冷锋和干线是温带气旋龙卷的关键触发系统,对比近气旋中心和冷锋尾部湿度垂直分布,后者所表现的高层强干侵入导致风暴产生更强的冷池,过强的下沉气流可能是龙卷产生的不利因素。温带气旋龙卷多分布于高空急流左侧气流的分流区内,对应高空强辐散区。0~3 km垂直温度递减率大值区与气旋中心附近的弱龙卷高发区有较好对应关系。Liaoning is one of the active regions for tornadoes in China,and the generation of a considerable number of tornadoes is associated with extratropical cyclones.In order to improve the understanding of environmental background and physical parameter characteristics,42 extratropical cyclone tornadoes in Liaoning from 1979 to 2020 are statistically analyzed.The study is based on the reanalysis data of ERA5(ECMWF Reanalysis V5),combining with records of China Meteorological Disaster Classic and China Meteorological Disaster Yearbook.Results show that extratropical cyclone tornadoes are mainly distributed in the central and western Liaohe Plain and along the coast of the Bohai Bay.Significant tornadoes(EF2 and above)account for 28.6%of all extratropical cyclone tornadoes.Extratropical cyclone tornadoes occur mostly in the southwest and southeast quadrants of extratropical cyclones,corresponding to the warm area before the cold front.The high-value area of the storm relative helicity and convective available potential energy(CAPE)appear in the southwest-southeast quadrant of the extratropical cyclones,with a belt-like distribution.Extratropical cyclone tornadoes are mainly distributed within 1°of latitude in the northwest of the large-value area of storm relative helicity and the strong gradient area at the top of the large-value area of CAPE.The strong tornado parameter(STP)center is located near the-2°of longitude distance and-5°of latitude distance from the center of tornadic extratropical cyclones,and the maximum value is above 0.7.The large value area of STP corresponds to the high-incidence area of EF2 and above extratropical cyclone tornadoes.The cold front and dry line in the surface are the key trigger of extratropical cyclone tornadoes,and the induced tornadoes are mainly distributed near the warm ridge of temperature field and the top of the tongue of humidity field.Comparing the vertical distribution of humidity near the center of tornadic extratropical cyclones and the tail of the cold front,the strong

关 键 词：龙卷 温带气旋 环境参数 辽宁省 

分 类 号：P445[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]