铸钢壳体砂型铸造工艺数值模拟及优化  

Numerical simulation andoptimisation of sand casting process of cast steel shell

作　　者：胡腾腾 贾丽敏[1,2] 于延龙 李春海 赵海波[4] 宋东君 谭建波 HU Tengteng;JIA Limin;YU Yanlong;LI Chunhai;ZHAO Haibo;SONG Dongjun;TAN Jianbo(School of Material Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-net Forming Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018,China;Shijia-zhuang Industrial Pump Factory Company Limited,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050100,China;Tangshan Caofeidian Jidong Equipment Mechanical Foundry Company Limited,Tangshan,Hebei 063200,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学材料科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050018 [2]河北省材料近净成形技术重点实验室,河北石家庄050018 [3]石家庄工业泵厂有限公司,河北石家庄050100 [4]唐山曹妃甸冀东装备机械热加工有限公司,河北唐山063200

出　　处：《河北工业科技》2022年第6期411-416,共6页Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(18211021D);石家庄市科学技术研究与发展计划重点项目(216080057A)。

摘　　要：为了减少壳体在砂型铸造过程中所产生的气孔、夹杂、浇不足及缩孔、缩松等缺陷,提高壳体铸件的合格率,依据壳体铸件的工艺特点,设计了3种浇注工艺方案,利用计算机模拟软件研究了浇注温度、浇注速度对砂型铸造壳体充型、凝固过程及铸件孔隙体积的影响;采用正交试验的方法研究了第3种工艺方案浇注温度、浇注速度对壳体铸件孔隙体积的影响,最后按照优选出的浇注温度、浇注速度工艺参数进行生产验证。研究结果表明:第1种和第2种工艺方案在铸件上方均出现了浇不足铸造缺陷,第3种工艺方案的缩孔、缩松缺陷体积明显减少,方案较好;优选出的工艺参数为浇注温度1560℃,浇注速度1.6 m/s,工艺参数下壳体铸件孔隙体积最小,为1.416 cm 3,铸件合格率为96%,并且铸件的组织和性能均满足要求。所提第3种方案可缩短试制周期,降低生产成本,提高经济效益,研究可为壳体类铸钢件砂型铸造工艺的设计提供参考依据。In order to reduce the defects of porosity,inclusion,insufficient pouring,shrinkage cavity and porosity of the shell produced in the sand casting process and improve the qualification rate of the shell cast,three kinds of casting process schemes were designed according to the process characteristics of the shell cast.The effects of pouring temperature and velocity on filling,solidification process,the volume of shrinkage and porosity of sand casting were studied by using computer simulation software.The effect of pouring temperature and velocity of the third process scheme on the volume of shrinkage and porosity was studied by orthogonal experiments.Finally,the optimized process parameters of pouring temperature and velocity were verified by experiments.The results show that both the first and second process schemes have the defects of insufficient pouring on the top of the castings,and the volume of shrinkage and porosity of the third process scheme were significantly reduced in the third process scheme.Therefore,the third scheme was better.The optimized pouring temperature and velocity were 1560℃and 1.6 m/s.Under this process parameters,the volume of shrinkage cavities and porosity of the shell casting has the smallest value of 1.416 cm 3.According to the calculation result,the qualification rate of the casting is 96%,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of castings meet the requirements.The third scheme can shorten the trial production cycle,reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefits.This study can provide reference for the design of sand casting technology of shell steel castings.

关 键 词：铸造工艺与设备 铸钢 砂型铸造 壳体 数值模拟 工艺优化 

分 类 号：TG249.2[金属学及工艺—铸造]