民国时期自治机关与县域政治--以20世纪30年代广东县参议会的创设及运作为例的研究  

Autonomous Organs and County Politics:The Establishment and Operation of County Council in Guangdong Province in the 1930s

作　　者：项浩男 XIANG Hao-nan(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《汕头大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第6期28-41,94,95,共16页Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“抗战时期朱家骅与国民党人事制度研究”(21CZS040);中央民族大学青年教师科研能力提升计划项目“空间·区划·转型:国民政府时期的县制演进与县域社会变迁”(2022QNPY14)。

摘　　要：县参议会是国民党政权设立的地方自治机关。20世纪30年代中期,全国仅有广东省各县均成立了县参议会,该历程分两个阶段。第一阶段自1928年10月至1931年5月,广东在《县组织法》框架下进行初步建设。第二阶段自1931年5月至全面抗战前,宁粤分裂,广州国民政府将推行地方自治作为与南京分庭抗礼的重要举措。广州国民政府颁布《县地方自治条例》及相关法规,详细规定县参议会的职权、产生方式和运行规则。在实际运作中,县参议会针对民众生计、救济农村等迫切事项提出多项提案,推动县政府着力解决,为县域社会的发展带来积极影响。然而,县政府与县参议会因权责问题龃龉不合,上级行政指令和经费短缺挤压了县参议会发挥作用的空间。广东各县参议会的形式意义大于现实意义,但不失为一次有价值的县政实验。The county council was an organ of local autonomy set up by the Kuomintang regime.In the mid-1930s,Guangdong was the only province that set up councils in all counties,which was done in two stages.The first stage is from October 1928 to May 1931 when Guangdong started the preliminary construction under the arrangement of Nanjing National Government.The second stage begins in May 1931 when the national government of Guangzhou was established which tried to keep a distance from Nanjing through autonomy.Guangzhou government promulgated a number of laws and regulations,stipulating the formation,power and operation of county councils.County councils made many proposals,positively affecting the development of the county society.However,there were many disputes between county government and council over authority,and administrative command and fund shortage also plagued the normal operation of the councils.With significance more nominal than practical,the county council in Guangdong is a valuable experiment for county governance.

关 键 词：县参议会 地方自治 广东 县政 国民政府 

分 类 号：D693.62[政治法律—政治学]