《南极条约》第4条法律问题研究  

Legal issues associated with Article IV of the Antarctic Treaty

作　　者：马忠法[1] 许子昀 Ma Zhongfa;Xu Ziyun(Faculty of Law,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《极地研究》2022年第4期503-515,共13页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家社会科学重大项目(18ZDA153);国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AFX025)资助。

摘　　要：《南极条约》第4条“搁置”了各国的领土主权争议,60年来,成功使各国在科学和其他领域顺利进行合作,而不受主权问题的阻碍。各国在该条“模糊性”用语下谋求了更多变通的方法,通过增强科研能力、设置“准领土管辖权”等方式不断增强其实质性存在,同时通过推行南极环境保护举措、进行南极立法和勘探开发南极生物、淡水及旅游资源等方式提升南极治理的话语权和软实力。这些实践无疑都对该条的稳定性造成了风险和挑战。中国应当以“构建人类命运共同体”理念作为投身南极治理的方向指引,通过推动建立合作机制等方式完善第4条存在的不足,不断完善有关南极的国内立法体系,强化自身在南极治理问题中的“硬实力”和“软实力”,维护自身和全人类在南极的权益。ArticleⅣof the Antarctic Treaty was successful in setting aside many territorial sovereignty disputes between countries.For 60 years,many countries with disputes over the Antarctic issue have been able to cooperate in science and other fields in the Antarctic without being hindered by sovereign competition.However,many countries have sought more flexible methods to continuously enhance their substantive existence by enhancing scientific research capacity and setting up“quasi territorial jurisdiction”under its“fuzziness”.At the same time,many countries have improved their treaty’s status in global Antarctic governance.Furthermore,they strengthened the soft power of Antarctic governance by promoting Antarctic environmental protection measures,Antarctic legislation,and exploration and development strategies for Antarctic resources.These practices are undoubtedly undermining ArticleⅣ.Therefore,China should take the concepts of“building a community with a shared future for humanity”as the basic concept and direction for China’s participation in Antarctic governance,work to overcome the shortcomings of ArticleⅣby promoting the establishment of a cooperation mechanism,improve the official domestic translation of ArticleⅣ,and constantly strengthen and improve the domestic legislative system related to Antarctica,strengthen our“hard power”and“soft power”in the global governance of Antarctica,and safeguard our own rights and the rights and interests of all humanity in Antarctica.

关 键 词：《南极条约》第4 条 冻结条款 法律意涵 构建人类命运共同体 

分 类 号：D993[政治法律—国际法学]