塔式锌精馏炉热工诊断与节能分析  

Thermal diagnosis and energy saving analysis of a tower-type zinc refining furnace

作　　者：曾平生 黄正宗 郑关平 李泽方 陈录 闫红杰[3] 刘柳[3] ZENG Ping-sheng;HUANG Zheng-zong;ZHENG Guan-ping;LI Ze-fang;CHEN Lu;YAN Hong-Jie;LIU Liu(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Shaoguan Smelter,Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonfemet Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512024,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司韶关冶炼厂,广东韶关512024 [3]中南大学能源科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2022年第6期45-53,共9页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

摘　　要：韶关冶炼厂对火法炼锌工艺中塔式锌精馏炉实施了“煤改气”工程改造,改造后,出现了高热值燃料与原生燃烧系统不匹配的问题,表现为炉膛温度分布不均、天然气燃烧不完全以及系统热效率低等。本文基于热平衡计算,对该塔式锌精馏炉采用多种测量仪器进行热工测试,并进行诊断分析与模拟仿真,结果表明:B^(#)塔的热效率为52.79%;燃烧室温度、天然气烧嘴支管压力以及气体喷口流量均分布不均,换热室内烟气与空气存在串气现象。节能改造建议从3个方面入手:优化天然气系统的烧嘴结构与布置方式,采用主动配风燃烧;优化调整回流比、蒸发比、入炉B^(#)锌温度等工艺参数;强化余热梯级回收利用。With the implementation of the “coal to gas” project in the zinc pyrometallurgical process of a smelter in Shaoguan,problems of mismatch between high calorific value fuels and the existing combustion system occurred in the key equipment such as zinc refining column.These problems include uneven temperature distribution in the hearth,incomplete combustion of natural gas,low thermal efficiency of the system,etc.In this paper,based on heat balance calculation,thermal tests,followed by diagnostic analysis and simulation,were conducted to the zinc refining column using a variety of measuring instruments.The results show that the thermal efficiency of tower B# is 52.79%.Through the thermal diagnosis and simulating calculation,it can be seen that the temperature of the combustion chamber,the pressure of the branch pipe of the natural gas burner and the flow rate of the gas outlets are unevenly distributed,the phenomenon of blow-by exists between the off-gas and preheated air in the heat exchange chamber.In addition,the energy saving and consumption reduction of the zinc refining furnace can be achieved by optimizing the nozzle structure and arrangement of natural gas system,applying air distribution combustion method with active air supply,optimally adjusting the process parameters such as reflux ratio,evaporation ratio,the feeding temperature of tower B# and strengthening the waste heat gradient recovery and utilization.

关 键 词：火法炼锌 塔式锌精馏炉 煤改气 热工测试 热平衡 温度分布 热效率 节能改造 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF806.27