炼钢粉尘中锌分离和回收的研究进展  

Research development of zinc separation and recovery from steelmaking dust

作　　者：蒋刘东 李萍萍 杜传明 于景坤 JIANG Liu-dong;LI Ping-ping;DU Chuan-ming;YU Jing-kun(Metallurgy School,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Beijing Shougang Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 063009,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]北京首钢股份有限公司,河北唐山063009

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2022年第6期81-90,共10页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52104326);中央高校基本科研业务费(N2025005)。

摘　　要：锌是一种重要的有色金属,但全球锌矿资源不足以支撑未来的锌需求。因此,从工业固废中回收锌是解决我国锌资源短缺的重要途径。炼钢粉尘中含有丰富的铁和锌,若锌能被有效分离,回收的锌可作为一种锌资源,并且剩余的铁能返回冶金流程再利用。炼钢粉尘中的锌主要以ZnO和ZnFe_(2)O_(4)的形式存在,因ZnFe_(2)O_(4)性质相对稳定,导致炼钢粉尘中锌的分离和回收比较困难。基于各物相及化合物物化性质的不同,国内外学者提出了多种从炼钢粉尘中分离回收锌的方法,主要包括火法工艺、湿法工艺和火法湿法联合工艺。本文系统总结了各方法的原理和技术特点,着重介绍了湿法火法联合工艺的新技术及其研究进展,讨论了各方法的优缺点,最后对炼钢粉尘资源化利用的发展进行了展望。Zinc is a significant nonferrous metal,but the global zinc resource can’t support the future demand for zinc.Hence,the recovery of zinc from industrial solid wastes becomes an important method to resolve the shortage of zinc.The steelmaking dust has a high content of Fe and Zn.If zinc can be effectively separated from the steelmaking dust,the recovered zinc can be a zinc resource and the remained Fe can be recycled in the metallurgical process.Most of the zinc in the steelmaking dust exists in the form of ZnO and ZnFe_(2)O_(4).Since ZnFe_(2)O_(4) is stable,it is difficult to separate and recover zinc from the steelmaking dust.Based on the difference in physicochemical properties of various phases and compounds,many methods of zinc recovery from the steelmaking dust have been proposed by Chinese and foreign scholars,including pyrometallurgical process,hydrometallurgical process,and a hydrometallurgical-pyrometallugical combined process.In this paper,the principles and characteristics of each method were summarized,the new techniques and research development of the combined process were highlighted and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were discussed.Finally,the future development of resource recycling of the steelmaking dust was analyzed.

关 键 词：炼钢粉尘 锌分离 锌回收 碳热还原 ZnFe_(2)O_(4) 湿法火法联合工艺 氧化钙焙烧重构 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]