木质方格蔟与纸板方格蔟营茧对蚕茧质量及效益的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Quality and Benefit of Silkworm Cocoons by Wooden Squares and Cardboard Squares for Cocooning

作　　者：鲁建根 徐向宏 章朝凯 柯红成 LU Jian-gen;XU Xiang-hong;ZHANG Chao-kai;KE Hong-cheng(Jiangjia Town People's Government of Chun'an County,Chun'an 311722 Zhejiang,China;Agriculture and Rural Development Service Center of Chun'an County,Chun'an 311700 Zhejiang,China;Chun'an Cocoon Silk Co.,LTD.,Chun'an 311700 Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]淳安县姜家镇人民政府,浙江淳安311722 [2]淳安县农业农村发展服务中心,浙江淳安311700 [3]淳安县茧丝绸有限公司,浙江淳安311700

出　　处：《蚕桑通报》2022年第2期14-18,共5页Bulletin of Sericulture

基　　金：浙江省农业重大技术协同推广项目(2018XTTGCS02);浙江省蚕桑产业技术团队项目(浙农科发[2020]6号);淳安县蚕桑产业项目。

摘　　要：为了解木质方格蔟营茧对蚕茧质量及效益的影响,2019年晚中秋蚕期,我们进行了木质方格蔟与纸板方格蔟自动上蔟营茧对比试验。试验证明,在同一蔟中环境下采用自动上蔟营茧,木质方格蔟茧的蚕茧质量好、生产成本低、经济效益高。试验结果显示,木质方格蔟茧的色泽匀净度好、茧色白,投售鲜茧时,250 g鲜样茧中下茧率低,平均只有5.67 g,低45.21个百分点;鲜茧收购价格高,50 kg上茧平均收购价格为2738.00元,高39.33元/50 kg,高1.46个百分点。木质方格蔟茧平均上车茧率93.26%、茧丝长1039.90 m、解舒率94.41%、茧丝纤度2.479 dtex、干茧出丝率39.12%、洁净95.67分、万米吊糙次数3.53次,与纸板方格蔟茧相比较,上车茧率提高1.45个百分点、茧丝长要长6.23 m、解舒率提高3.30个百分点、茧丝纤度细0.031 dtex、干茧出丝率提高0.34个百分点、洁净提高1分、万米吊糙减少1.13次。木质方格蔟营茧盒种用工量少,蔟中管理和采茧费用低,比纸板方格蔟营茧费用低75.00元,低54.55%。木质方格蔟经久耐用,使用年限长达20年,蔟具使用折旧费用低,比纸板方格蔟使用折旧费用低37.51元/盒·年。木质方格蔟茧上茧率高,盒种平均上茧为41.07 kg,高2 kg,增幅5.12%,蚕茧总收入比纸板方格蔟茧总收入增加84.92元/盒。In order to understand the effect of wooden grid cocoons on the quality and efficiency of silkworm cocoons,a comparative test of automatic mounting of wooden and cardboard grid cocoons was carried out in the mid-autumn festival of 2019.The results show that using automatic mounting cocoons in the same environment,wood grid cocoons can produce high quality cocoons,low production cost and high economic benefit.The results showed that when fresh cocoons were sold on 250 g cocoons,the cocooning rate of fresh cocoons was 5.67 g on average,45.21 percentage points lower.The average purchase price of fresh cocoons was 2738.00 yuan(39.33 yuan/50 kg),1.46 percentage points higher than that of fresh cocoons.Compared with cardboard grid cocoons on wood cocoons,the average loading rate of wooden grid cocoons was 93.26%,the length of cocoons was 1039.90 m,the relief rate was 94.41%,the size of cocoons was 2.479 dtex,the yield of dry cocoons was 39.12%,the purity was 95.67 and the number of cocoons was 3.53.The cocoon rate was increased by 1.45 percentage points,the cocoon filament length was increased by 6.23 m,the relaxation rate was increased by 3.30 percentage points,the cocoon filament size was fine by 0.031 dtex,the silk yield of dry cocoon was increased by 0.34 percentage points,the cleanliness was increased by 1 point,and the hanging roughness of 10000 meters was reduced by 1.13 times.The cost of wood grid cocooning box was 75.00 yuan(54.55%)lower than that of cardboard grid cocooning.The wood grid was durable and can be used for up to 20 years.The depreciation cost of the wooden grid was lower than that of the cardboard grid by 37.51 yuan/year.The average cocoons on wood cocoons were 41.07 kg(2 kg higher than that on cardboard cocoons),and the total income of silkworm cocoons increased by 84.92 yuan/box than that on cardboard cocoons.

关 键 词：家蚕 木质方格蔟 自动上蔟 蚕茧 质量 效益 

分 类 号：S888[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]