泌乳牛不同胎次干奶期瘤胃发酵指标与甲烷产量的特征  

Characteristics of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production in Different Parity Dry Cows

作　　者：刘志豪 贾鹏[1] 赖琦 董利锋[1] 吴秋珏[2] 高彦华[3] 田忠红 刁其玉[1] LIU Zhihao;JIA Peng;LAI Qi;DONG Lifeng;WU Qiujue;GAO Yanhua;TIAN Zhonghong;DIAO Qiyu(Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants,Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co.LTD.,Heze 274000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所/反刍动物及其幼畜营养代谢中美联合研究中心,北京100081 [2]河南科技大学动物科技学院,洛阳471003 [3]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,成都610041 [4]山东银香伟业集团有限公司,菏泽274000

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2022年第12期4296-4305,共10页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2016YFE0109000);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2021GH18)。

摘　　要：旨在采用GreenFeed测定系统评价胎次对干奶牛瘤胃发酵特征和甲烷(CH_(4))排放量的影响,进而获得在舍饲生理状态下的CH_(4)排放规律,建立预测模型。试验共选取48头处于干奶期的荷斯坦奶牛,根据胎次分为4个组,每组12头奶牛,分别为一胎组、二胎组、三胎组、四胎及以上胎次组,试验期45 d,其中预试期5 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:1)三胎、四胎及以上组活体重和代谢体重显著高于一胎、二胎组(P<0.05)。2)三胎组的氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)浓度显著高于一胎组(P<0.05),与二胎、四胎及以上组无显著差异(P>0.05);一胎、二胎组的微生物蛋白(MCP)显著高于四胎及以上组(P<0.05),与三胎组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);一胎组瘤胃中戊酸显著低于三胎组(P<0.05),与二胎和四胎及以上组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);各个处理组之间的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、pH、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、乙丙比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)干奶牛的平均CH_(4)排放量为336 g·d^(-1),三胎、四胎及以上组干奶牛的CH_(4)排放量显著高于一胎组牛(P<0.05),与二胎组牛无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)CH_(4)排放量与干奶牛胎次和体重呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.47和0.61,基于体重建立预测模型:CH_(4)排放量(g·d^(-1))=0.348×体重(kg)+64.018(R^(2)=0.46)。综上可知,根据体重可以预测干奶期荷斯坦奶牛的CH_(4)排放量。该模型还可用于验证其他生理阶段奶牛的CH_(4)排放量。The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of parity time on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane(CH_(4))production using the GreenFeed system,which examines relationships between methane(CH_(4))output and animal body weight and parity time,and to use these relationships to develop prediction equations for CH_(4)emission from Holstein cows at dry off in the normal physiological experimental under the housing condition.A total of 48 dry Holstein cows were selected and divided into 4 groups(12 cows in each group):first-,second-,third-,and fourth-and above-parity.The pre-trial period was 5 days and the formal trial period was 40 days.The results showed as follows:1)The live weight and metabolic weight of third-and fourth-and above-parity groups were significantly higher than those of first-and second-parity groups(P<0.05).2)Ammoniacal nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)of third-parity group was significantly higher than that of first-parity group(P<0.05),but no significant difference were found compared with the second-parity group and fourth-and above-parity groups(P>0.05);Compared with fourth-and above-parity group,microbial protein(MCP)of first-parity and second-parity groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference compared with the third-parity group(P>0.05);Compared with third-parity,valerate of first-parity group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),but there was not significantly different from the second-parity and fourth-and above-parity groups(P>0.05);The total volatile fatty acid(TVFA),pH,acetate,propionate,butyrat,isobutyrate,isovalerate,and acetate to propionate ratio were not significantly different among the treatment groups(P>0.05).3)The average CH_(4)emission of dry cows was 336 g·d^(-1).The CH_(4)emissions of dry cows within third-parity and fourth-and above-parity groups were significantly higher than those of first-parity group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference compared with the group second-parity(P>0.05).4)CH_(4)emission was

关 键 词：温室气体 甲烷 GreenFeed 瘤胃发酵 奶牛 

分 类 号：S852.21[农业科学—基础兽医学]