嘉庆华南海盗活动时期“私通接济”问题的治理  

Management of “Colluding With and Assisting Pirates in Private” in the South China Piracy During the Jiaqing Period

作　　者：何圳泳 HE Zhen-yong(School of History and Culture,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《汕头大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第4期27-34,94,95,共10页Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：嘉庆年间,官方意识到“私通接济”问题的严重性,并且将“私通接济”问题的治理作为平息华南海盗活动的首要之务。为了断绝海盗的接济,广东当局将与海盗勾结的官兵员弁、部分沿海村民、奸商富豪、会匪等四类人群列为“奸民”,对之进行严密监控、缉拿。同时,官方限制或禁止米薪、炮械、火药、军器、船具等违禁物品出海。此外,为了严防海盗由于缺乏补给而登岸劫掠,官方兴办广东沿海团练对海盗展开陆上封锁与打击。嘉庆十五年(1810),两广总督百龄在断绝海盗接济的基础上,迫使海盗向官府投诚,成功平息大规模华南海盗活动。“严断接济”策略是针对“私通接济”问题而实施的,且取得显著成效,然而这种策略却对清王朝的海疆管理与沿海居民生计产生了不利的影响。During the Jiaqing period, the government realized the problem of“colluding with and assisting pirates in private”in South China was serious, and took its management as the key to eliminating pirates. In order to cut off the assistance to pirates, Guangdong authorities classified four groups of people who colluded with pirates as scoundrels, including officers and soldiers, some coastal villagers, profiteers and rich people, and bandits, and closely monitored and arrested them. At the same time, the government restricted or prohibited rice and firewood, guns, gunpowder,weapons, ship equipment, etc. from going to sea. In addition, in order to prevent pirates from plundering the coast for supplies, officials set up a coastal militia to blockade and attack pirates on land. In 1810, Bailing, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, succeeded in quelling the large-scale piracy in South China through cutting off the assistance to pirates. Although the strategy of“strict disconnection with pirates”solved the problem of“colluding with and assisting piratesy in prvate”with a remarkable effect, it had a negative impact on the coastal governance and the livelihood of coastal residents in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：“私通接济”问题 “严断接济”策略 “奸民” 华南海盗 广东沿海团练 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]