基于肠道宏基因组对弹涂鱼两栖适应性的研究  

Study on the Amphibious Adaptability of Mudskippers Based on Intestinal Metagenome

作　　者：董博 邓涵逸 孙艺秋 房元杰 彭淼曦 石琼 贝锦龙[1] 魏文康 陈庄 DONG Bo;DENG Hanyi;SUN Yiqiu;FANG Yuanjie;PENG Miaoxi;SHI Qiong;BEI Jinlong;WEI Wenkang;CHEN Zhuang(Agro-biological Gene Research Center,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization,Guangzhou 510640,China;Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Genomics,Shenzhen 518083,China;College of Life Science and Oceanology,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518061,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业生物基因研究中心/广东省农作物种质资源保存与利用重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]深圳市海洋生物基因组学重点实验室,广东深圳518083 [3]深圳大学生命科学与海洋学院,广东深圳518061

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第11期32-42,共11页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：华南应用微生物国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLAM002-2021);华南地区乡村振兴专项资金(2021KJ382);茂名实验室科研启动项目(2021TDQD002);华南地区农业科学院地方分院和专家工作站工作经费项目(2022支撑11)。

摘　　要：【目的】从基因组水平上报道两种有代表性的两栖鱼类大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris,BP)和大鳍弹涂鱼(Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus,PM)对陆地生活的适应性,以揭示胃肠道微生物群对弹涂鱼在陆地生活的适应性及其特殊免疫力具有关键作用。【方法】采用16S扩增子测序和宏基因组技术,利用两种有代表性的弹涂鱼和3种典型水生鱼类(草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus、鲢鱼Hypophthalmichthys molitrix和鳙鱼Aristichthys nobilis)的宏基因组数据,比较两栖鱼类和水生鱼类肠道的微生物组成、多样性、丰度和功能,并研究潜在陆生标志微生物群。此外,通过查阅大量文献得到具有代表性的海水鱼类、淡水鱼类、两栖动物和陆生动物的胃肠道微生物群数据,比较弹涂鱼的肠道菌群组成和功能。【结果】在弹涂鱼的胃肠道微生物群中,厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门占主导地位。这些菌的含量在大鳍弹涂鱼、大弹涂鱼和水生鱼类之间存在显著差异。草鲢鳙和弹涂鱼二者胃肠道微生物群之间最大的区别是CKC4门(一种推测与宿主脂质代谢相关的胃肠道细菌门类)的比例,草鲢鳙中该比例从4%~27%不等,而在弹涂鱼中则没有发现。此外,弹涂鱼的胃肠道微生物群中同时具有陆生动物、淡水和海水鱼类以及两栖动物的典型细菌家族,这与它们在水陆过渡咸淡水交界处的生活特征相吻合。与陆生动物相比,鱼类拥有更高比例的梭状杆菌和变形杆菌,而陆生动物则具有更多的拟杆菌。在大弹涂鱼和大鳍弹涂鱼中还发现了此前被认为仅存在于陆生动物的S24-7菌株。【结论】推测弹涂鱼胃肠道微生物群落相比水生性鱼类具有复合和多样性特征,可以通过病原体相关分子模式PAMP刺激宿主在进化中形成多样性更高、拷贝数更多的天然免疫受体基因家族,以此适应更为复杂的两栖生活环境。【Objective】In this study,we report the adaptability of two representative amphibian species,blue-spotted mudskipper(Boleophthalmus Periophthalmodon,BP)and giant-fin mudskipper(Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus,PM)to live on land,with a view to revealing the key role of gastrointestinal microbiota in the adaptation and specific immunity of mudskippers to amphibious life.【Method】By using 16S amplicon sequencing and metagenomic tec hniques,the microbial composition,diversity,abundance and function of the intestines of amphibian and aquatic fish species were compared.The metagenomic data were utilized to compare two representative mudskippers(BP,PM)and three typical aquatic fish species including Ctenopharyngodon idella(CI),Hypophthalmichthys molitri(HM)and Aristichthys nobilis(AN)and the potential terrestrial marker gastrointestinal microbiota in mudskippers were investigated.In addition,the representative data of gastrointestinal microbiota from marine fish,freshwater fish,amphibians and terrestrial animals were obtained through extensive literature to compare the composition and function of intestinal microbiota in mudskippers.【Result】Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were dominant in the gastrointestinal microbiota of mudskippers.The contents of various dominant phyla were strikingly different among BP,PM and aquatic fishes.Th e most significant difference in the gastrointestinal microbiota between the two groups was the proportion of CKC4,a gastrointestinal bacterial phylum that is speculated to be related to host lipid metabolism,which ranged from 4%to 27%in CI,HM,AN but was not found in the mudskipper.In addition,the gastrointestinal microbiota of mudskipper containeds typical bacterial families in terrestrial animals,freshwater and seawater fishes fish and amphibians,which was consistent with their life characteristics at the salt-water interface between water and land.It was also observed that fishes had a higher proportion of Clostridium and Proteobacteria than terrestrial ani

关 键 词：胃肠道微生物群 宏基因组学 两栖弹涂鱼 陆地适应 免疫学特异性 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]