民国时期传统武术竞赛的历史经验及启示  

Historical Experience and Enlightenment of Traditional Wushu Competition in the Republic of China

作　　者：朱晓峰 阿英嘎[1] 高亮 麻晨俊 ZHU Xiaofeng;A Yingga;GAO Liang;MA Chenjun(School of Sports Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Nanjing Sport Institute Press,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;Sports and Health Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Physical Education,Nanjing Normal University of Special Education,Nanjing 210038,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学体育科学学院,南京210023 [2]南京体育学院期刊社,南京210014 [3]江苏省运动与健康工程协同创新中心,南京210014 [4]南京特殊教育师范学院体育学院,南京210038

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2022年第5期581-589,共9页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BTY031)。

摘　　要：回答好传统武术“能否比、比什么、怎么比”的问题是解决其创造性转化和创新性发展的关键议题。民国时期,官方搭建竞技平台是传统武术发展过程中的重要保障,且在处理“技击”抑或“表演”关系问题上积累了“套路演练为辅助,对抗竞技为主体”的历史经验,先后经历了开放式规则下的技击、“打点”抑或“击倒”的模仿、分类设规的优化、以及“表演”超越“技击”与“打演分途”的局面。回顾和总结民国时期传统武术竞赛历史经验,对新时代传统武术可持续发展的启示主要有:设置传统武术管理的官方机构,主导和推动传统武术竞赛高质量发展;倡导文明化的竞技比赛,提炼和优化不同优秀拳种技击技术体系;设置多层次、多类型的竞赛形式,建立和完善相应竞赛规则。How to deal with the relationship between skill and attack or performance in the technical dimension of traditional wushu is the key issue in the process of its sports transformation.In the period of the Republic of China,building a competitive platform was an important measure in the process of the development of traditional martial arts,and some historical experience and lessons were accumulated in dealing with the relationship between attack and performance.Based on the sorting of historical materials and the viewpoint of cultural evolution,the research finds that the transformation of traditional martial arts in the period of the Republic of China has experienced the opening rules of the skills and attacks,hit or knockdown imitation,the optimization of the classification and rules,and performance surpass attack meanwhile the formation of the play and performance situation.At least three inspirations can be obtained from the context of the transformation of traditional Wushu in the Republic of China:The essence of traditional martial arts is based on the characteristics of different skills to set rules;Emphasizing on the optimization of traditional martial arts fighting techniques,we advocate the civilized competition;Combination of fighting and practicing is the construction of omnipotent traditional martial arts competition comprehensive project.

关 键 词：传统武术 中华民国 武术竞赛 历史经验 

分 类 号：G852.829[文化科学—民族体育]