遮荫对云曼红豆杉活性成分10-DAB及矿质营养累积的影响  

Effects of Shading on the Active Component 10-DAB and Mineral Nutrient Accumulation of Taxus madia×T.Yunnanensis‘Yunman’

作　　者：王刚[1] 罗建勋[2] 蒲尚饶 李亚平 王刚 孙志鹏 WANG Gang;LUO Jian-xun;PU Shang-rao;LI Ya-ping;WANG Gang;SUN Zhi-peng(College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130;Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences,Chengdu 610081;College of Landscape Architecture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130 [2]四川省林业科学研究院,成都610081 [3]四川农业大学风景园林学院,成都611130

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2022年第11期175-184,共10页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2018NZ0057,2021YFN0110);四川省基本科研项目(2021JBKY15)。

摘　　要：光照是植物生长的必要环境因子,揭示不同遮荫处理对云曼红豆杉苗木活性成分10-DAB、矿质营养累积和光合作用的影响,为云曼红豆杉林下综合利用和林-草复合生态系统的构建提供科学依据。以2年生云曼红豆杉实生苗为材料,设置5种光强条件,阐明云曼红豆杉对不同光照环境的响应策略。结果表明,遮荫对云曼红豆杉苗木各生长时期10-DAB累积具有显著影响(P<0.05),10-DAB产量在4-10月呈上升趋势,10月达到最大值;随着遮荫的增强,各部位矿质元素的累积量均呈先增加再降低的趋势,其中,N和P在75%遮荫处理下最高,含量大小依次为叶>根>茎,K在50%遮荫处理下最高,含量大小依次为叶>茎>根;遮荫可以显著提高云曼红豆杉光合色素含量(P<0.05),随遮荫的增强呈“先升后降”的变化规律,75%遮荫下最大,净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))的变化规律同光合色素相一致,胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))则是先降低后增加,在95%遮荫下的各指标(除C_(i))均最低。重度遮荫抑制了云曼红豆杉光合作用,遮荫强度可以有效提高云曼红豆杉苗木(枝叶)10-DAB产量及矿质营养累积,云曼红豆杉苗木培育宜选50%-75%遮荫。Light is a necessary environment factor for plant growth.Revealing the effects of different shading treatments on the active component 10-deacetylbaccatine III(10-DAB),mineral nutrient accumulation and photosynthesis of Taxus madia×T.Yunnanensis‘Yunman’(YM)seedlings would provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of YM forest and the construction of forest-grass composite ecosystems.2-year-old yews of YM seedlings were used as materials,and 5 light intensity conditions(full light,30%shading,50%shading,75%shading,and 95%shading)were set to clarify the response strategy of YM to different light environments.The results showed that shading had a significant effect on the accumulation of 10-DAB in each growth period of YM seedlings(P<0.05).The yield of 10-DAB showed an upward trend from April to October and reached a maximum in October.With the enhancement of shade,the accumulation of mineral elements in each part showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Among them,N and P were the highest under 75%shading treatment,and the contents of mineral nutrition in each part were in the order of leaf>root>stem,K was the highest under 50%shading treatment,and its content was in the order of leaf>stem>root.The photosynthetic pigment content of YM increased significantly under shading(P<0.05),and increased first and then decreased with the increase of shading.Under 75%shading,the photosynthetic pigment content was the highest.The changes in net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),and transpiration rate(T_(r))were consistent with the photosynthetic pigment content.The intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))decreased first and then increased,and the indexes(except C_(i))were the lowest under 95%shading.In summary,heavy shading inhibited the photosynthesis of YM.Shading intensity can effectively improve 10-DAB yield and mineral nutrient accumulation of YM seedlings(branches and leaves),and 50%-75%shading is suitable for YM seedlings cultivation.

关 键 词：遮荫 云曼红豆杉 10-DAB累积 养分累积 光合特性 

分 类 号：S791.49[农业科学—林木遗传育种]