细胞内mRNA翻译影响因素及翻译组学的研究进展  

Research Progress in Influencing Factors of mRNA Translation in Cells and Translatome

作　　者：马荣 尚方正[1,2,3,4] 潘剑锋 戎友俊 王敏 李金泉[1,2,3,4] 张燕军 MA Rong;SHANG Fang-zheng;PAN Jian-feng;RONG You-jun;WANG Min;LI Jin-quan;ZHANG Yan-jun(College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018;Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010018;Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010018;Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010018)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]农业农村部肉羊遗传育种重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古自治区动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [4]内蒙古自治区山羊遗传育种工程技术研究中心,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2022年第12期115-126,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860627);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0012)。

摘　　要：蛋白质是细胞重要的组成成分,是生命活动的主要承担者,其合成依赖高度复杂、精确的翻译体系。已有文献表明mRNA的表达与蛋白质的表达水平并不高度相关,其中一个重要影响因素便是mRNA在翻译为蛋白质的过程中其速率并不相同。翻译速率是决定蛋白质表达量的关键,也是影响蛋白质结构和功能的因素之一。因此,本研究在总结概括真核、原核细胞内mRNA翻译机制的基础上,进一步综述了影响翻译速率的主要因素及当前探究翻译和翻译速率的主要技术手段,旨在为今后生物体内翻译机制的探究提供参考价值。Protein is an important component of cells and the main undertaker of life activities.Its synthesis highly relies on complex and precise translation systems.Previous studies have shown that the correlation between mRNA expression and protein expression level is low.One of important factors is that mRNA is not translated into protein at the same rate.Translation rate is the key to determining protein expression,and also affects protein structure and function.Therefore,on the basis of summarizing the mechanism of m RNA translation in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells,this study further summarized the main factors affecting translation rate and the main technical means of studying translation and translation rate,aiming to provide reference value for the study of translation mechanism in vivo in the future.

关 键 词：翻译调控 蛋白质 翻译速率 翻译组 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]