上海市典型小区生活垃圾的微生物特征解析  

Microbial characteristics of domestic waste in a typical residential community of Shanghai

作　　者：唐汶璇 袁昕儿 陈株凯 潘滨 彭仁祯 杨文慧 徐燕意 TANG Wenxuan;YUAN Xin'er;CHEN Zhukai;PAN Bin;PENG Renzhen;YANG Wenhui;XU Yanyi(School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;School of Basic Medical Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation,Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032 [2]复旦大学基础医学院,上海200032 [3]上海市生物医药技术研究院,国家卫生健康委员会计划生育药具重点实验室,上海200032

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2022年第10期1102-1109,共8页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(19DZ1204603)。

摘　　要：[背景]生活垃圾分类是我国的重大民生工程,2019年随着《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》的出台,上海引领的生活垃圾分类在全国范围内陆续铺展。然而,垃圾分类过程中的风险特别是微生物风险尚不清楚。[目的]初步解析上海市典型小区生活垃圾中的微生物特征,为上海市乃至全国生活垃圾分类过程的健康防护工作提供一定的理论依据。[方法]在2019—2020年期间采集上海市某典型小区夏、冬季的干、湿垃圾,利用菌落计数评估其中的微生物含量,初步解析不同种类生活垃圾中的微生物生长规律特征。利用Illumina PE250高通量测序平台开展16S rRNA检测,使用基于bray-curtis算法的层次聚类分析阐明不同种类生活垃圾中微生物组成的相似性和差异性,通过α多样性分析探究微生物的多样性和丰富度,基于unweighted UniFrac的主坐标分析揭示菌群的β多样性,结合线性判别分析(LEfSe)筛选组间差异菌群。[结果]本研究结果表明,该典型小区干湿垃圾中的微生物数量相差较大,且干垃圾表面微生物数量小于湿垃圾渗滤液。此外,不同季节干湿垃圾中的微生物生长曲线特征明显不同,其中夏季和冬季干垃圾表面的菌落峰值分别达200、10 CFU·cm^(–2),夏季和冬季湿垃圾渗滤液中的菌落峰值分别达6×10^(5)、2×10^(6)CFU·mL^(–1)。16 S rRNA结果显示,不同种类生活垃圾中微生物的α和β多样性差异具有统计学意义,其中干、湿生活垃圾之间差异较不同季节同种垃圾间差异大。各种生活垃圾中的微生物均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为主,其次为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)或拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)。聚类分析结果表明夏季干垃圾的微生物组成与冬季干垃圾较接近,其余组间差异较大。在属水平下筛查不同种类生活垃圾中的特征菌,共发现假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、泛菌属(Pantoea)等48种具有一定潜在致病性的差异微生物。[�[Background]Domestic waste classification is one of the major livelihood projects in China.With the introduction of the Shanghai Household Waste Management Regulation in 2019,the work of domestic waste classification has been carried out nationwide,yet its potential risks especially those derived from microorganisms are not clear.[Objective]To investigate the microbial characteristics of the domestic waste in typical residential areas in Shanghai,and provide a theoretical basis for health protection during the domestic waste classification process in Shanghai and throughout China.[Methods]Dry and wet waste from a typical residential community in Shanghai were collected during 2019–2020.Microbial colonies were counted in domestic waste and analyzed for growth patterns.Then through 16S rRNA sequencing using lllumina PE250,hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted to reveal the similarity and dissimilarity of community compositions in different domestic waste groups,alpha diversity was estimated to reflect the richness and diversity of bacterial communities,principal co-ordinates analysis of unweighted UniFrac distance was performed to estimate the beta diversity,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)was used to find features differentially represented among domestic waste groups.[Results]In the chosen typical residential community of this study,the numbers of microorganisms in waste were quite different,with lower numbers of microorganisms in dry waste than the numbers in wet waste.In addition,different growth curves of microorganisms were shown for different seasons,and the peak baterial colony numbers were 200 CFU·cm^(−2),6×10^(5)CFU·mL^(–1),10 CFU·cm^(−2),and 2×10^(6)CFU·mL^(–1)for summer dry waste,summer wet waste,winter dry waste,and winter wet waste,respectively.The results of 16S RNA demonstrated significant differences inαandβdiversity indicators among different waste groups,and the difference in waste classifications was larger than the difference of the same classificat

关 键 词：生活垃圾分类 微生物 高通量测序 菌落计数 致病菌群 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]