论破产程序中惩罚性债权的法律定位与规则建构  

On the Legal Positioning and Rule Construction of Punitive Claims in Bankruptcy Proceedings

作　　者：钱宁 Qian Ning(School of Law,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期48-56,共9页Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究课题(19SFB2040);湖北省司法厅法治湖北建设研究课题重点项目(FZHBJSYJ2021007).

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国企业破产法》对于破产债权清偿顺位的规定较为笼统,并未就惩罚性债权的清偿进行明确规制。关于惩罚性债权在破产程序中的定位及清偿问题,《最高人民法院关于审理企业破产案件若干问题的规定》第61条的规定存在法理缺陷,《全国法院破产审判工作会议纪要》第28条虽然就此做出了原则性规制,但是在司法实践中存在一定适用障碍。以《中华人民共和国企业破产法》的修订为契机,应当明确惩罚性债权的范围及其在破产程序中清偿顺位的劣后性。当惩罚性债权在内容上同时包含了填补损害与具有惩罚性质的部分时,应当对其进行剥离。惩罚性债权的内部清偿顺位应当依次为民事、行政、刑事。当困境企业经过破产重整或和解程序而得以存续时,惩罚性债权人不得再就其债权要求继续获得清偿。The provisions of Enterprise Bankruptcy Law on the liquidation order of bankruptcy claims are relatively general and do not explicitly regulate the liquidation of punitive claims.With regard to the positioning and liquidation of punitive claims in the bankruptcy proceedings,there are legal defects in Article 61 of the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some lssues Concening the Trial of Enterprise Bankruptcy Cases.Although Article 28 of the Minutes of the National Court Work Conference on Bankruptcy Trials has made principled provisions on this,there are certain obstacles to its application in judicial practice.Taking the revision of Enterprise Bankruptcy Law as an opportunity,we should clarify the scope of punitive claims and the inferiority of the liquidation order in the bankruptcy proceedings.When the content of punitive claims contains both the part of repairing damage and the part of punishment,they should be separated.The internal liquidation order of punitive claims should be civil,administrative and criminal.When the distressed enterprise survives through bankruptcy reorganization or settlement procedures,the punitive creditors shall no longer ask for liquidation of their claims.

关 键 词：惩罚性债权 破产程序 清偿顺位 劣后债权 破产法修订 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学]