重思数字基础设施及其与人、自然之关系——以图底关系为方法论的本土化考察  

Rethinking Digital Infrastructure and Its Relationships with Human and Nature——Taking Figure Ground Relationships as Methodology in the Chinese Context

作　　者：朱政德 胡泳[1] ZHU Zheng-de;HU Yong(Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学新闻与传播学院 [2]新华社瞭望智库

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期74-84,共11页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“5G时代互联网传播方式的变革和治理对策研究”(19@ZH044)。

摘　　要：作为“新基建”的核心内容,数字基础设施在我国备受瞩目,但相关研究过重技术本身之“新”,往往落入功能主义窠臼并流于过誉,忽视了数字基础设施及其与人、自然之间蕴藏的冲突。如果引入麦克卢汉的图底关系方法论予以反思,就不难发现我国的数字基础设施目前呈现为一组由图底关系过程组成的装配:它通过图底互逆过程使人的角色在“伺服系统”与“用户”间波动;通过图底竞争过程与自然展开复杂博弈,暗中促逼自然交出不可再生的化石能源,令数字基础设施与自然的关系极有可能偏离变和博弈,逼近零和博弈。上述装配存在但不尽合理,学界、业界有必要回归中国语境,将数字基础设施嵌入其与人、自然结成的图底关系网中加以理解并重思利弊。As the core content of the “new infrastructure construction”, digital infrastructure has gained much attention in China. However, relevant studies pay too much attention to the “newness” of technology itself, which often fall into the pattern of functionalism and throw out too much unrealistic praise, ignoring conflicts between digital infrastructure, human and nature. If McLuhan’s methodology of figure-ground relationships is introduced for reflection, it is not difficult to find that China’s digital infrastructure is currently presented as an assemblage of figure-ground relational processes that makes human’s roles fluctuate between “servomechanism” and “users” through processes of figure-ground commutative reversal. Meanwhile, it launches a complex game with nature through figure-ground competition, surreptitiously forcing nature to hand over nonrenewable fossil energy, possibly leading both sides to deviate from a variable-sum game and enter into a zero-sum game. The above-mentioned assemblage exists but is not reasonable. It is necessary for the academia and the industry to understand infrastructure and its relationships with human and nature through figure-ground relationships, and to rethink the specific advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure in a changing Chinese context.

关 键 词：数字基础设施 图底关系 图底互逆 图底竞争 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]