体育运动自甘风险的价值考量与司法适用——基于《民法典》1176条  

Value Consideration and Judicial Application of Sports Assumption of Risk——Analysis Based on Article 1176 of Civil Code

作　　者：崔建华 CUI Jianhua(School of Law,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学法学院,北京100089

出　　处：《河北体育学院学报》2023年第1期28-35,共8页Journal of Hebei Sport University

摘　　要：《民法典》1176条在立法层面确立了自甘风险原则,为解决体育运动中人身损害的侵权案件纠纷提供了重要法律依据。具体而言,自甘风险的适用范围为文体活动领域,其主体上只有其他参加者可以借此作为抗辩事由,方式上作为免责事由排斥公平责任、与有过失。由于受害人同意的部分功能被自甘风险替代,以及受害人同意在当前体系下的诸多制约因素使其没有得到立法确认,这些立法选择一定程度上解决了此前的很多争议。然而对其在体育运动中的研究仍处起步阶段,条文中的“一定风险”“文体活动”以及对过错程度的认定等仍存在一些争议,实践中可以通过强化法官裁量权,借助指导案例解释疑点,同时发挥专业力量解读运动规则,强化体育理性人理论对过错认定的作用,从而明确立法释义,助力司法释疑。Article 1176 of Civil Code establishes the assumption of risk at the legislative level, which provides an important legal basis for solving the disputes of sports personal injury infringement cases. Specifically, the scope of application of the assumption of risk is the field of recreational activities, the main body of which can only be used by other participants as a defense, the way as a disclaimer to exclude fair responsibility, and negligence. Because some functions of the victim’s consent are replaced by the assumption of risk, and many constraints of the victim’s consent under the current system make it not confirmed by legislation, these legislative choices have solved many previous disputes to a certain extent. However, the research on them in sports is still in its infancy. There are still some arguments about the concepts of “risk”, “recreational activities” and “degree of fault” in the article. In practice, we can strengthen the discretion of judges, explain the doubts with the help of guiding cases and jurors, give full play to professional forces to interpret sports rules, and strengthen the role of sports rational person theory in fault identification, so as to clarify the legislative interpretation and help the judicial interpretation.

关 键 词：自甘风险 文体活动 受害人同意 过错认定 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]