Interpreting Morphologically Homogeneous(Paleo-)Populations as Ecological Species Enables Comparison of Living and Fossil Organism Groups,Exemplified by Nummulitid Foraminifera  

作　　者：Johann Hohenegger Ana Ivis Torres-Silva Wolfgang Eder 

机构地区：[1]Institute for Paleontology,University of Vienna,1090,Vienna,Austria

出　　处：《Journal of Earth Science》2022年第6期1362-1377,共16页地球科学学刊（英文版）

基　　金：Austrian Science Foundation(FWF)for support in many projects,especially by the FWF‘Functional Shell Morphology of Larger Benthic Foraminifera’(No.P23459)and‘Breakthroughs in Growth Studies on Larger Benthic Foraminifera’(No.P26344-B25);North-South Dialogue scholarship of the Austrian Exchange Service(OeAD)for supporting AI-TS and Consuelo Diaz Otero,Dora Garcia Delgado and Manuel Iturralde Vinent(Cuba)for helping to sample the Cuban sections;supported by JSPS;the Sesoko Marine Station of the Ryukyu University Tropical Research Center;the Kagoshima Research Center for the South Pacific;Open Access funding provided by University of Vienna。

摘　　要：Morphologically homogeneous groups,either living populations or fossil paleo-populations,must be regarded as ecological species,independent of their molecular genetic resemblance in living forms.Morphology is always expressed during development by structure genes initiated from a network of regulator genes acting at different times and intensities,additionally being subjected to epigenetic controls.Therefore,homogeneous populations influenced by the environment represent species better than the reproduction(biological species)or molecular-genetic approach using ancestral sequences like rDNA.Living and fossil representatives of nummulitid foraminifera were chosen to demonstrate complete reconstruction of morphology using metrical growth-invariant and growth-independent characters.Using these characters,6 models were established to define ecological species in living and fossil species.Furthermore,a distinction between evolutionary and environmental effects in fossil forms was possible using discriminant analysis showing characters that are responsible for differentiating between evolutionary and environmental trends.

关 键 词：ecological species growth-invariant metrical characters morphology HOMOGENEITY nummulitids 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]