新形势下全球主要石油公司业务发展动向与策略  

Development trends and strategies of major international oil companies in the new context

作　　者：张宁宁[1] 王建君[1] 王青[1] 刘明明[2] 曹庆超 李谦[1] 王燕琨[1] 何媛媛 Zhang Ningning;Wang Jianjun;Wang Qing;Liu Mingming;Cao Qingchao;Li Qian;Wang Yankun;He Yuanyuan(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development;China University of Petroleum(Beijing))

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [2]中国石油大学(北京)

出　　处：《中国石油勘探》2022年第6期32-40,共9页China Petroleum Exploration

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“海外油气勘探项目资产评估与规划决策技术研究”(2021DJ3106);“全球重点领域氦气资源评价及一体化评价技术研究”(2021ZG1302)。

摘　　要：近年来全球疫情、地缘冲突与能源转型相互交织,油气行业发生着深刻变化,主要石油公司发展策略值得参考借鉴。文章梳理了全球主要石油公司新形势下的动态特点,并着重分析国际石油公司的发展动向及战略,总结了主要石油公司发展动态:新形势下国际石油公司经营业绩超预期复苏,但传统上游业务投资水平仍然偏低,低碳投资持续加大;国家石油公司开始重视低碳转型,同时积极推动本土资源勘探开发力度;独立石油公司持续降低负债水平,整合核心资产发挥区域协同优势。分析表明,国际石油公司上游逐步收缩全球业务布局,聚焦核心资产与核心领域;非常规业务受转型战略影响大,欧美石油公司出现分化;低碳投资持续加大,多措并举推进能源转型;大力发展天然气业务,做大天然气价值链。建议中国石油公司继续加强上游业务投资,积极获取海外优质资源,保障能源安全。新形势下强化与国家石油公司合作,推动核心产区建设,加强油气与新能源协调发展,同时强化风险管理意识,利用经济手段为公司持续发展保驾护航。In recent years,the worldwide pandemics,geopolitical conflicts,and energy transition have been intertwined,and the petroleum industry has undergone profound changes.The development strategies of major oil companies are worthy of reference.By analyzing the fundamental dynamics and development strategies and tendencies of major international oil companies in the new context,their dynamic development features are summarized as follows:(1)International oil companies have recovered better than anticipated in the new context,but investments in traditional upstream businesses remain low while low-carbon investments continue to increase;(2)National oil corporations start to focus on low-carbon transition while actively promoting exploration and development of local resources;(3)Independent oil companies continue to reduce debts and consolidate core assets to achieve regional synergies.The study results indicate that:(1)Major oil companies gradually contract their global upstream business layout and concentrate more on their core assets and core areas;(2)Unconventional oil and gas businesses are severely impacted by energy transition strategies,and European and American oil companies are evidently differentiated;(3)International oil companies continue to increase low-carbon investments and take multiple measures to promote energy transition;(4)Vigorously develop natural gas business and expand natural gas value chain.It is recommended that Chinese oil companies should continue to increase investments in upstream business, actively acquire high-quality overseas resources to ensure energy security,strengthen their ties with national oil corporations, promote the construction of core production areas, strengthen the coordinated developmentof oil and gas and new energy businesses, strengthen risk management awareness, and employ economic means to escort the sustainabledevelopment.

关 键 词：国际石油公司 能源转型 国家石油公司 天然气业务 发展策略 

分 类 号：F416.2[经济管理—产业经济]