不同种植模式对宁夏水稻光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of different planting patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rice in Ningxia

作　　者：吴少华 杨生龙[2] 康建宏[1] 王星强 黄玉峰[3] 田维玉 朱志明 李昱 WU Shaohua;YANG Shenglong;KANG Jianhong;WANG Xingqiang;HUANG Yufeng;TIAN Weiyu;ZHU Zhiming;LI Yu(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Crops,Ningxia Academy of agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Original Seed Farm,Helan 750200,China;Ningxia Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Yinchuan 750021,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Zhongwei 755000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏回族自治区原种场,宁夏贺兰750200 [4]宁夏农业技术推广总站,宁夏银川750021 [5]宁夏中卫市农业技术推广中心,宁夏中卫755000

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2022年第5期45-52,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院科技创新引导项目(NKYJ-18-15-5);宁夏农林科学院对外合作项目(DW-X-2018001);宁夏回族自治区水稻育种专项(2018NYYZ03002);国家重点研发项目子课题(2016YFD0100101-16);2020年自治区青年拔尖人才培养工程。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同种植模式对水稻叶片SPAD、光合特性、荧光特性以及产量的影响。【方法】以宁粳28号为材料,设置保墒旱直播、旱播后上水、插秧移栽3种种植模式,对其叶片SPAD、光合特性、荧光特性以及产量进行分析。【结果】水稻抽穗期前旱播后上水稻的SPAD高于保墒旱直播和插秧稻,抽穗后插秧稻的SPAD高于旱直播稻。在抽穗期,插秧稻的净光合速率较旱直播稻提高了8.84%~15.07%,气孔导度较旱直播稻提高了3.42%~5.40%,插秧稻的蒸腾速率显著低于旱直播稻。旱直播稻的F_(v)/F_(m)、F_(v)/F_(o)、PI均高于插秧稻。插秧稻的产量较保墒旱直播和旱播后上水,分别提高21.44%、26.26%,插秧稻的有效穗数较保墒旱直播和旱播后上水分别提高了3.69%和26.99%。旱播后上水的穗粒数和结实率高于其它处理,但是其有效穗数显著低于其他处理,产量较低。【结论】不同种植模式下水稻叶片SPAD、光合荧光特性及产量存在差异,两种旱直播模式间的差异较小,旱直播水稻可节本增收900元/hm^(2),并具有减少劳动强度,提高劳动生产效率等优点,适合在宁夏水稻种植区域进行推广。【Objective】To study the effects of different planting patterns on the SPAD.photosynthetic characteristics.fluorescence characteristics and yield of rice leaves.【Method】Using Ningjing 28 as the material.three planting modes were set up to preserve moisture and dry direct seeding.watering after dry sowing.and seedling transplanting.The SPAD.photosynthetic characteristics.fluorescence characteristics and yield of its leaves were analyzed.【Result】The SPAD of dry sowing before the heading period of rice was higher than that of dry direct seeding and transplanted rice.and the SPAD of transplanted rice after heading was higher than that of dry direct seeding.In the heading stage.the net photosynthetic rate of transplanted rice was 8.84%~15.07%higher than that of dry direct-seeded rice.and the stomatal conductance increased by 3.42%~5.40%compared with dry direct-seeded rice.The transpiration rate of transplanted rice was significantly lower than that of dry direct-seeded rice.The F_(v)/F_(m).F_(v)/F_(o) and PI of dry directseeded rice were higher than those of transplanted rice.The yield of transplanted rice was 21.44% and 26.26%higher than that of dry direct seeding and dry seeding.The number of effective panicles of transplanted rice was 3.69% and 26.99% higher than that of dry direct seeding and dry seeding.After dry sowing.the number of grains per ear and the seed setting rate of watering are higher than other treatments.but the effective ear number is significantly lower than that of other treatments.and the yield is lower.【Conclusion】There are differences in rice leaf SPAD.photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and yields under different planting modes.The difference between the two dry direct seeding models is small.Dry direct seeding rice can save costs and increase income by 900 yuan/hm^(2).reduce labor intensity and increase labor.Production efficiency and other advantages are suitable for promotion in Ningxia rice planting areas.

关 键 词：水稻 旱直播 SPAD 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]