不同覆盖方式对旱地玉米农田水分和产量的影响  

Effects of different mulching methods on water and yield of maize in dryland

作　　者：吕莹莹 马建涛 李亚伟 黄金文 常磊[1] 程宏波[2] 柴守玺[1] LV Yingying;MA Jiantao;LI Yawei;HUANG Jinwen;CHANG Lei;CHENG Hongbo;CHAI Shouxi(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Bioscience and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2022年第5期80-88,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点试验室主任基金(GSCS-2019-Z05)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同覆盖方式对西北半干旱雨养区春玉米田土壤水分动态特性和产量的影响。【方法】利用大田试验,设置玉米秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、白膜双垄沟覆盖(BM)、黑膜双垄沟覆盖(HM)和露地无覆盖(CK)4种不同栽培方式。【结果】覆盖能明显改善玉米全生育期0~200 cm土壤墒情,SM、HM和BM处理增墒效应主要集中于拔节期后,覆盖处理在各时期、各土层土壤含水量普遍高于CK,相比CK,SM、HM和BM覆盖处理0~200 cm土层平均含水量分别提高6.7%、7.9%和8.3%,SM处理与HM、BM处理差异不显著,覆盖能显著提高玉米产量和水分利用效率。相比CK,SM、HM和BM处理显著增加百粒质量和穗粒数,且籽粒产量分别显著增加10.2%、21.7%和25.4%,其次水分利用效率分别提高22.9%、34.6%和39.8%。玉米籽粒产量、百粒质量(0.807**)和水分利用效率(0.958∗∗)呈极显著正相关。【结论】地膜和秸秆带状覆盖均能提高作物产量和水分利用效率,而秸秆带状覆盖能提高资源利用效率,符合国家农业绿色发展的要求。【Objective】In order to determine the effects of different mulching methods on soil water dynamic characteristics and yield of spring jade field in semi-arid rain-fed area of Northwest China.【Method】The field experiment was carried out to set up four different cultivation methods of maize:maizestraw strips mulching on no-planted ridge(SM),white film mulching on double ridges(BM),black film mulching on double ridges(HM)and flat-planting without mulching(CK).【Result】Mulching can significantly improve the soil moisture content of 0~200 cm during the whole growth of maize.The effect of SM,HM and BM treatments on increasing soil moisture mainly concentrated after the elongation stage.Mulching could significantly improve the soil moisture content of 0~200 cm during the whole growth period of maize.The soil moisture increasing effect of SM,HM and BM treatments was mainly concentrated after the elongation stage,Compared with CK,the average water content of 0~200 cm soil layer under SM,HM and BM mulching treatments was significantly increased by 6.7%,7.9%and 8.3%,respectively.There was no significant difference between SM treatment and HM and BM treatment.Mulching significantly increased maize yield and water use efficiency.Compared with CK,SM,HM and BM treatments significantly increased 100 kernel weight and grain number per ear,and grain yield significantly increased by 10.2%,21.7%and 25.4%,respectively.WUE was increased by 22.9%,34.6%and 39.8%,respectively.Grain yield was significantly positively correlated with 100-kernel weight(0.807**)and WUE(0.958∗).【Conclusion】Both plastic film and straw strip mulching could improve crop yield and water use efficiency,while straw strip mulching could improve resource use efficiency,which was in line with the requirements of national agricultural green development.

关 键 词：秸秆带状覆盖 地膜覆盖 土壤水分 水分利用效率 产量 玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]