贺兰山西坡不同混交方式云杉林土壤物理性质与水文特征研究  

Study on soil physical properties and hydrological characteristics of Picea spruce forests in different mixed patterns on the western slope of Helan Mountain

作　　者：刘瑞亮 庞丹波 何文强 李学斌[2,3] 马进鹏 杨勇 陈林 LIU Ruiliang;PANG Danbo;HE Wenqiang;LI Xuebin;MA Jinpeng;YANG Yong;CHEN lin(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Brreeding Base for State Key Lab of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in northwestern China,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Lab of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Environmental Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2022年第5期154-163,共10页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BEG02005);国家自然科学基金项目(31960359);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(生态学)项目(NXYLXK2017B06);第三批宁夏青年科技人才托举工程项目(TJGC20180682018)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握贺兰山西坡阴、阳面不同混交方式云杉林(云杉、云杉2个混交林和云杉3个混交林)土壤物理性质及水文特征。【方法】通过典型野外抽样调查法,研究了不同混交方式云杉的土壤物理和水文指标,并对相关指标进行比较分析。【结果】阴、阳两面不同植被类型在0~20 cm土层土壤物理性质和水文效应综合均表现为:云杉2个混交林>云杉>云杉3个混交林。阴坡3种林分类型土壤物理性质为:容重0.59~1.31 g/cm^(3),毛管孔隙度为50.02%~68.49%,非毛管孔隙度1.10%~13.73%,总孔隙度48.38%~69.59%;阳坡3种林分类型土壤物理性质为:容重0.97~1.14 g/cm^(3),毛管孔隙度为50.12%~56.53%,非毛管孔隙度0.87%~2.30%,总孔隙度52.46%~57.80%。阴、阳坡0~20 cm土层的水文特性表现为:阴坡土壤含水量、毛管最大持水量、土壤饱和含水量、现有土壤贮水量及土壤饱和贮水量均为云杉2个混交林较高;阳坡土壤含水量、毛管最大持水量、土壤饱和含水量和土壤最大滞水量均为云杉2个混交林较好,而现有土壤贮水量和土壤饱和贮水量云杉3个混交林较好。【结论】通过主成分分析得出:西坡阴面不同林分类型0~20 cm土层土壤物理性质和水文效应优于阳坡,云杉2个混交经营模式的土壤层水文性能要优于云杉和3个混交经营模式。因此,在森林经营管理中应充分考虑树种组成、配置方式等因素影响,加快实施针叶纯林的近自然阔叶化改造,以加强地区森林的水文功能和健康经营。【Objective】In order to master the soil physical properties and hydrological characteristics of different mixed Picea spruce forests(P.spruce,P.spruce two mixed forests and P.spruce three mixed forests)in the shade and sun of the western slope of Helan Mountain.【Method】The soil physical and hydrological indexes of different mixed spruce forests were studied by the typical field sampling survey method,and the related indexes were compared and analyzed.【Result】The soil physical properties and hydrological effects of different vegetation types in 0~20 cm soil layer were as follows:2 mixed stands of Picea asperata>Picea asperata>3mixed stands of Picea asperata.The physical properties of the three stand types on shady slope were:bulk density is 0.59~1.31 g/cm^(3),capillary porosity is 50.02%~68.49%,non-capillary porosity is 1.10%~13.73%,total porosity is 48.38%~69.59%,the bulk density is 0.97~1.14 g/cm^(3) on sunny slope,the capillary porosity is 50.12%~56.53%,non-capillary porosity is 0.87%~2.30%,total porosity is 52.46%~57.80%.The hydrologic Characteristic of 0~20 cm soil layer on the shady and sunny slopes are as follows:soil moisture content,maximum capillary water holding capacity,soil saturated water content,existing soil water storage capacity and soil saturated water storage capacity are higher in Picea asperata and Picea asperata mixed forests under shady slope treatment;The soil water content,the maximum capillary water holding capacity,the soil saturated water content and the maximum retention of soil water under the treatment of Sun Slope were better than those of the two mixed stands of Picea asperata,the existing mixed forest of soil water storage and soil saturated water storage of Picea asperata is better.【Conclusion】The results of principal component analysis showed that the soil physical properties and hydrological effects of 0~20 cm soil layer in the shady side of the western slope were better than those of the sunny side,the soil hydrologic performance of two mixed management models

关 键 词：云杉 混交林 土壤物理特性 水文效应 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]