生物炭配合深松对土壤团聚体及有机碳的影响  

Effects of Biochar Combined with Subsoiling on Soil Aggregates and Organic Carbon

作　　者：张雨萌 郭艳杰[1,2] 张丽娟 刘婷[1,3] 吉艳芝 Zhang Yumeng;Guo Yanjie;Zhang Lijuan;Liu Ting;Ji Yanzhi(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Environment,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China;Di Hongjie Soil and Environment Laboratory,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000 [3]河北农业大学邸洪杰土壤与环境实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2022年第5期368-375,385,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黄淮海北部小麦-玉米农田耕层调理与土壤肥力提高关键技术”(2017YFD0300905)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析施加生物炭配合深松对农田耕层土壤容重、土壤结构稳定性及有机碳的影响,为土壤结构改良提供科学合理的调控措施和理论依据。[方法]基于冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系,2017-2019年大田试验期间,在小麦季设置生物炭施用量分别为0,3000,6000 kg/hm^(2)(B_(0),B_(1)和B_(2))的3个处理,在玉米季设置传统贴茬播种(P)和深松耕作播种(S)2个耕作处理,共计B_(0)P,B_(1)P,B_(2)P,B_(0)S,B_(1)S,B_(2)S 6个处理。[结果]①两个轮作后,相同耕作方式下,土壤容重随生物炭用量的增加而降低,其中B_(2)S较B_(0)S显著降低(13.59%);同一施炭水平下,各处理土壤容重呈现出深松<传统的特征,深松容重整体较传统低4.95%。②连续施加生物炭配合深松耕作两年后,B_(2)S处理下的有机碳含量达到最高,比B_(0)P显著增加(42.15%),比B_(2)P增加1.03%。③两个轮作后,随生物炭用量的增加机械性团聚体含量(DR_(0.25))、水稳性团聚体含量(WR_(0.25))、平均重量直径(MWD)呈上升趋势,相反土壤团聚体破坏率(PAD)及土壤不稳定团粒指数(ELT)呈逐渐下降趋势,且表现为B_(2)S处理均优于其他各处理的特征,表明高添加量生物炭配合深松耕作较传统耕作能更有效地提高团聚体稳定性。[结论]小麦季基施6000 kg/hm^(2)生物炭并配合玉米季深松有利于提高土壤团聚体稳定性,改善华北平原农田土壤结构。[Objective]The effects of applying biochar combined with subsoiling on soil bulk density,soil structure stability,and organic carbon in farmland topsoil were comprehensively analyzed to provide scientific and reasonable control measures and a theoretical basis for soil structure improvement.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019 based on a winter wheat and summer corn rotation system.Biochar was applied at rates of 0,3000,and 6000 kg/hm^(2)(B_(0),B_(1),and B_(2))during the wheat season in conjunction with two tillage treatments〔traditional stubble sowing(P)and subsoiling tillage sowing(S)〕imposed during the corn season to produce a total of six combined treatments of B_(0)P,B_(1)P,B_(2)P,B_(0)S,B_(1)S,and B_(2)S.[Results]①After two crop rotations,under the same tillage method,soil bulk density decreased with increasing biochar application rate,and bulk density under B_(2)S was significantly lower than under B_(0)S by 13.59%.Under the same biochar application level,soil bulk density under subsoiling was less than under traditional stubble sowing,and the subsoiling bulk density was 4.95%lower than the bulk density under traditional stubble sowing;②After two years of continuous application of biochar combined with subsoiling tillage,the organic carbon content of B_(2)S was the highest,and was 42.15%greater than observed for B_(0)P and 1.03%greater than observed for B_(2)P;③After two crop rotations,the mechanical aggregate content(DR_(0.25)),the water-stable aggregate content(WR_(0.25)),and the mean weight diameter(MWD)showed an upward trend with increasing biochar application rate.In contrast,soil aggregate destruction rate(PAD)and soil unstable aggregate index(ELT)showed a decreasing trend,and B_(2)S produced better results than the other treatments,indicating that high biochar application rates combined with subsoiling tillage more effectively improved aggregate stability than traditional tillage.[Conclusion]A basic application of 6000 kg/hm^(2)of biochar during the wheat season comb

关 键 词：生物炭 团聚体 有机碳 土壤容重 小麦-玉米 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]