画像及铭文所见汉代“利后”思想探析  

An Analysis of the Thought of“Benefiting the Offspring”in Han Dynasty Seen from Portraits and Inscriptions

作　　者：张书增 高二旺[2] Zhang Shuzeng;Gao Erwang

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学治安学院,北京100038 [2]南阳师范学院历史学院汉文化研究中心,河南南阳473061

出　　处：《中州学刊》2022年第12期136-140,共5页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“汉画中的礼文化研究”(2022-JCZD-16)。

摘　　要：“利后”即对后代有利,这种思想在汉代社会各阶层中普遍存在,画像砖、画像石、铜镜、瓦当、带钩、丝织物等各种物品上的吉语铭文都是其生动体现。利后思想不仅是美好愿望的体现,更是汉代人普遍认同的价值观念。汉代“利后”思想的出现,与汉代社会家庭结构、灵魂信仰、入仕制度、商业发展等密不可分。为了对后人有利,汉代人通过祭祀、修建墓冢、辟邪、谨言慎行等行为来达到目的。汉代倡导的以孝治国的主导价值观与流行于民间的“利后”思想并没有完全统一,国家制度和民间习俗之间仍存在一定的偏差。The idea that“benefiting the offspring”was beneficial to the future generations was prevalent in the vast area and all strata of the Han Dynasty,which was vividly reflected in the inscriptions in propitious language on various objects such as picture bricks,picture stones,bronze mirrors,tiles,hooks and silk fabrics.The thought of benefiting the offspring was not only the manifestation of good wishes,but also the value concept generally accepted by the Han Dynasty people.The emergence of“benefiting the offspring”was closely related to the social background of the Han Dynasty,such as family structure,soul belief,systems to become officials and commercial development.In order to benefit future generations,the people in the Han Dynasty achieved this goal through various behaviors such as sacrifice,burial,tomb selection,and exorcism.The research shows that the leading value of governing the country by filial piety advocated by the Han Dynasty is not completely unified with the popular thought of“benefiting the offspring”,and there is still some deviation between the state system and folk customs.

关 键 词：汉代 “利后”思想 铭文 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]