氧还原电催化剂的研究进展  

Research Progress in Electrocatalysts for Oxidation Reduction Reaction

作　　者：刘佳琪 杨庆浩[1] LIU Jiaqi;YANG Qinghao(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710054

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第24期25-30,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21204072);陕西省重点科技创新团队资助项目(2014KCT-04);陕西省重点研发计划(2017GY-133)。

摘　　要：氧还原反应是新能源电池、化工生产及生物电化学等高科技领域的关键过程,引起了诸多科研人员的极大关注。在燃料电池及金属-空气电池中,电池阴极传递氧离子并为氧还原反应提供场所。而氧还原反应过程存在过电位高、动力学缓慢等不足,高效阴极催化剂的开发是提高器件性能、降低其制造成本的关键。在氧还原电催化剂中,以铂为代表的贵金属是最有效的,然而其受产量及成本制约严重。过渡金属氧化物、掺杂碳等材料因较好的催化活性和电化学稳定性广受关注,关于非贵金属催化剂的研究报道也层出不穷,但相较传统Pt/C催化剂,非贵金属催化剂仍存在催化活性低和电导率小等问题,无法满足新能源电池产业化需求。因此,近年来科研工作者多采用掺杂、复合改性等渠道提高催化剂的电化学活性。本文系统地综述了近三年来氧还原电催化剂的研究进展,重点阐述了当前催化剂研究中热点材料的改性手段及相关进展。在简要介绍现阶段氧还原反应机理的基础上,讨论了氧还原电催化剂及其主要应用领域。除此之外,还给出了氧还原电催化剂体系未来的发展方向,为进一步推进其在燃料电池及金属-空气电池等领域的实际应用进程提供可行性参考依据。Oxygen reduction reaction has been widely studied by many researchers,especially in the fields of new energy batteries,chemicals production,and bioelectrochemistry. In fuel cells and metal-air batteries,oxygen reduction reaction sites are provided by cell cathodes to transfer oxygen ions. While its development is severely constrained by limitations as high overpotential and slow kinetics and thus the key to improve device performance and reduce manufacturing cost is to develop cost-effective cathode catalysts. Although platinum is considered to be the most effective electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction,it is still severely restricted by production and cost. Transition metal oxides,doping carbon and other materials have aroused wide attentions owing to their good catalytic activity and electrochemical stability,and extensive research is also carried out on these non-noble metal catalysts. However,compared to traditional Pt/C catalysts,they still exhibit low catalytic activity and conductivity,which cannot meet the needs of industrial applications such as new energy battery. Therefore,researchers have used doping,composite modifying and other channels to improve their electrochemical activity characteristics. This review aims to summarize the advances on electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction,with a detail about modification methods and related progress of the most popular materials on current catalyst in recent three years. The oxygen reduction reaction mechanism is briefly introduced to provide a better analysis on the electrocatalytic performance of catalysts,and catalysts as well as their main application fields are discussed. Additionally,the future trend emerging in electrocatalyst systems for oxygen reduction is presented,providing a reference for their feasibility to further promote practical applications in fuel cells and metal-air batteries.

关 键 词：电催化剂 氧还原反应 电催化活性 燃料电池 金属-空气电池 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] O643.36[理学—物理化学]