镍基石墨烯复合材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Nickel/Graphene Composites

作　　者：谭海丰 侯梦晴 吴晨 贺春林[1] 张滨[2] TAN Haifeng;HOU Mengqing;WU Chen;HE Chunlin;ZHANG Bin(Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China;Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Ministry of Education,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学辽宁省先进材料制备技术重点实验室,沈阳110044 [2]东北大学材料各向异性与织构教育部重点实验室,沈阳110819

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第24期139-144,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51671050);中国博士后科学基金(2020M680977);辽宁省重点研发计划项目(2020JH2/10100011);辽宁省博士启动基金(2019-BS-169)。

摘　　要：镍基复合材料在传统颗粒增强体的作用下可以获得力学性能的显著提升,但往往伴随导热、导电等功能性的下降。石墨烯独特的二维结构使其展现出极高的强度与刚度、良好的化学稳定性、优异的导电与导热等性能,自问世以来便成为理想的颗粒增强体,已在金属基复合材料、陶瓷基复合材料、聚合物基复合材料领域大放异彩。因此,石墨烯的添加可以有效提升镍基复合材料的综合性能。石墨烯存在密度低、易团聚、与镍基体的浸润性较差等不足,因此石墨烯制备工艺与稳定性、石墨烯在镍基体中的分散性以及与镍基体的界面结合强度仍然限制着镍基石墨烯复合材料的高性能,如何改进已有制备工艺并不断研发新型工艺仍是科研工作者的研究重点。目前,已有的石墨烯增强镍基复合材料的制备工艺主要有电沉积法、粉末冶金法、分子级混合法、化学气相沉积法等。制备工艺的改进升级提高了石墨烯的分散性以及其与镍基体之间的浸润性,进而综合提升了复合材料的结构性与功能性,这有利于其在电子器件、航天航空、机械化工等领域有较为广泛的应用。本文系统地综述了镍基石墨烯复合材料制备工艺的研究进展,对各种制备工艺的特点进行分析比较,重点介绍了石墨烯对复合材料的硬度、弹性模量、拉伸性能、耐摩擦磨损性、耐腐蚀性、导热及导电性的影响及其机制。同时,结合镍基石墨烯复合材料的潜在应用和发展趋势,提出未来研究中学者们面临的挑战。The mechanical properties of nickel matrix composites can be significantly improved by the traditional particle reinforcements,but it is often accompanied by the decrease of thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.The unique two-dimensional structure of graphene makes it exhibit extremely high strength and stiffness,good chemical stability,excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.Due to its inception,graphene has become an ideal particle reinforcement,and has been widely used in the fields of metal matrix composites,ceramic matrix composites and polymer matrix composites.Therefore,the addition of graphene can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of Ni-based composites.Graphene has some disadvantages,such as low density,easy agglomeration and poor wettability with nickel matrix.Therefore,the preparation process and stability of graphene,its dispersion in nickel matrix and the interfacial bonding strength still restrict the high performance of nickel matrix composites.How to improve the existing preparation process and continuously develop new processes is still the research focus.At present,the main preparation methods of graphene reinforced Ni-based composites are electrodeposition,powder metallurgy,molecular-level mixing,chemical vapor deposition and so on.With the improvement of the preparation process,the dispersion of graphene and the wettability are improved,thereby comprehensively improving the structural and functional properties of the composites,which is conducive to its wide application in electronic devices,aerospace,mechanical and chemical fields.In this paper,the research progress of the preparation technology of nicke/graphene composites was systematically reviewed,and the characteristics of various preparation technologies were analyzed and compared.The effects and internal mechanisms of graphene on the hardness,elastic modulus,tensile properties,friction and wear resistance,corrosion resistance,thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the composites were mainly

关 键 词：石墨烯 镍基复合材料 力学性能 耐腐蚀性能 导热与导电性 

分 类 号：TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]