北京西山典型人工林分枯落物层生态水文效应  

Eco-hydrological effects of litter layer in typical artificial forest stands in Xishan Mountain of Beijing

作　　者：党毅 王维 余新晓[1,2,3] 贾国栋[1,2,3] 樊登星[1,2,3] Dang Yi;Wang Wei;Yu Xinxiao;Jia Guodong;Fan Dengxing(Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Metropolitan Area Forest Ecosystem Research Station,School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Metropolitan Area Field Scientific Observation Research Station,School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学国家林业与草原局水土保持重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院首都圈森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院首都圈森林生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,北京100083 [4]中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司,北京102600

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第12期72-87,共16页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42230714、42277062)。

摘　　要：【目的】为定量评价北京西山森林枯落物层的生态水文效应,从枯落物储量、厚度、持水能力、截留能力等方面量化枯落物层的生态水文过程。【方法】于2020-2021年,选择海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、林龄、密度等均大致接近的4种典型人工林分(油松、栓皮栎、侧柏、元宝枫)为研究对象。通过野外样地实测以及室内浸泡试验、室内人工模拟降雨试验分析各类型枯落物层的结构及生态水文特征,实现典型人工林分枯落物层生态水文效应的量化表达。【结果】(1)枯落物层储量范围为2.12~8.27 t/hm^(2),厚度范围为2.09~8.69 cm,均表现为栓皮栎枯落物最大,侧柏枯落物最小。(2)各类型枯落物不分层总最大持水量为栓皮栎(21.20 t/hm^(2)),元宝枫(17.30 t/hm^(2)),油松(5.32 t/hm^(2)),侧柏(3.88 t/hm^(2))。针阔叶枯落物最大持水能力不同且差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)针叶枯落物最大截留量均值为2.43 mm,阔叶枯落物最大截留量均值为3.25 mm;针叶枯落物最小截留量均值为2.26 mm,阔叶枯落物最小截留量均值为2.99 mm。各类型枯落物层最大截留量和最小截留量均随降雨强度增加而增加,但针阔叶枯落物之间截留能力存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(4)随着降雨强度的逐步增大,各类型枯落物1 h持水量在相应的最大截留量和最小截留量中所占的比例均逐步减小。【结论】北京西山4种典型人工林分中,栓皮栎林下枯落物层截留能力最大,侧柏最小,阔叶林整体要大于针叶林。因此建议研究区合理优化树种组成和林分结构配置,兼顾防治土壤侵蚀和林分湿润,减少无效蒸腾,从而实现生态水文功能的整体提高。[Objective]In order to quantitatively evaluate the eco-hydrological effects of forest litter layer in Xishan Mountain of Beijing,the study quantified the eco-hydrological process of litter layer from the aspects of litter storage,thickness,water holding capacity and interception capacity.[Method]From 2020-2021,four typical artificial forest stands(Pinus tabuliformis,Quersus variabilis,Platycladus orientalis and Acer truncatum)with approximately similar altitude,slope,aspect,position,stand age and density were selected for the study.The structure and eco-hydrological characteristics of each type of litter layer were analyzed by field measurement,indoor immersion experiment and indoor artificial simulated rainfall experiment,so as to realize the quantitative expression of eco-hydrological effects of typical artificial forest stand litter layer.[Result](1)The storage range of litter layer was 2.12-8.27 t/ha,and the thickness range was 2.09-8.69 cm,all showed that the litter of Quercus variabilis was the largest and that of Platycladus orientalis was the smallest.(2)The total maximum water holding capacity of all types of litter without stratification was 21.20 t/ha for Quersus variabilis,17.30 t/ha for Acer truncatum,5.32 t/ha for Pinus tabuliformis and3.88 t/ha for Platycladus orientalis.The maximum water holding capacity of coniferous and broadleaved litter was different and significantly different(P<0.05).(3)The mean value of maximum interception capacity of coniferous litter was 2.43 mm,and that of broadleaf litter was 3.25 mm.The mean value of minimum interception capacity of coniferous litter was 2.26 mm,and that of broadleaf litter was 2.99 mm.Both maximum interception capacity and minimum interception capacity of each type of litter layer increased with the increase of rain intensity,however,there was a significant difference in interception capacity between coniferous and broadleaf litter(P<0.05).(4)With the gradual increase of rain intensity,the proportion of 1 h water holding capacity in the corresponding

关 键 词：林下枯落物 生物量 厚度 持水能力 截留能力 北京西山 

分 类 号：S791[农业科学—林木遗传育种]