公众对霾的风险感知研究及风险交流改善建议  

Analysis of Public Risk Perception on Haze and Suggestions for Improving Risk Communication

作　　者：陆卜梵 刘蓓蓓[1] LU Bu-fan;LIU Bei-bei(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Nanda Environmental Planning and Design Research Institute(Jiangsu)Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京大学环境学院,南京210023 [2]南大环境规划设计研究院(江苏)有限公司,南京210093

出　　处：《四川环境》2022年第6期93-99,共7页Sichuan Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.72174085);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(010914370122)。

摘　　要：空气质量问题备受关注,而公众对相关风险的感知会受到不同风险特征、公众个人社会特征等的影响。本文针对公众对霾的认知情况,于2020年5月下旬采用线上发放问卷的形式开展问卷调研,对问卷量表进行因子分析,并通过结构方程模型拟合风险感知模型,同时利用多元线性回归探究个人社会特征对风险感知的影响,以了解并解释公众对霾风险的感知和行为模式,同时为风险交流策略的制定提供参考。结果表明,受访者较少将霾天气产生的原因归结于不利污染物扩散的气象条件;霾风险接受度随感知到的危险度降低、对霾风险管理部门的信任度升高而升高,感知到的霾风险危险度随熟悉度的升高而升高;个人社会特征会对风险感知产生影响。风险管理在努力降低实际风险的同时,还需要通过风险交流纠正公众风险感知的偏差,将风险控制在费用效益最优点。Air quality issues have attracted much attention.Public’s perception of related risks will be affected by different risk characteristics and individual social characteristics of the public.In order to understand and explain the public’s perception and behavioral patterns of haze risk,and provide reference for the related policy making,aiming at the public’s perception of haze,this study conducted an online questionnaire survey in late May 2020,and then carried out factor analysis,fitted the risk perception model through the structural equation model,and explored the impact of individual social characteristics on risk perception by using multiple linear regression.The results showed that the respondents seldom attribute the cause of haze to unfavorable meteorological conditions for the diffusion of pollutants.The acceptance level of haze risk increases with the decrease of perceived risk and the increase of trust in haze risk management department,and the perceived risk of haze risk increases with the increase of familiarity.Risk perception is affected by individual social characteristics.Risk management should not only work hard to reduce actual risks,but also needs to correct the deviation of public’s risk perception through risk communication,so as to control the risk in the most cost-effective way.

关 键 词：霾 风险感知 风险交流 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]