西南岩溶地区某山谷型采选场地土壤重金属污染特征及迁移规律分析  

Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Migration Rule of in a Valley Type Mining Site Located in Karst Region of Southwest China

作　　者：张荣海 孟晶晶 谢湉 陈余道[2] 韦壮绵 ZHANG Rong-hai;MENG Jing-jing;XIE Tian;CHEN Yu-dao;WEI Zhuang-mian(Guangxi Bossco ErwironmeTital Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530004,Chian;Guilin University cf Technology,Guilin University,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司,南宁530004 [2]桂林理工大学,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《四川环境》2022年第6期206-212,共7页Sichuan Environment

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB18281002)。

摘　　要：以西南岩溶地区某山谷型铅锌矿厂土壤为研究对象,采集表层和具代表性的垂向土壤,通过微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射质谱法和微波消解-原子荧光法测定土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd和As的含量,研究不同功能区土壤重金属的分布特征及垂向迁移规律。研究表明:与背景值相比,4种重金属均存在富集,其中Cd最为富集。与筛选值相比,As污染最为严重,其中选矿厂区的As污染面积最大,占比高达99.71%,而Zn、Pb和Cd元素具有相似的空间分布特征,不同功能区污染严重程度均表现为选矿厂区>废水塘区>尾矿库区。除As元素外,其余3种重金属变异系数较大,存在极强的点源污染。各重金属元素之间呈显著的正相关,主要来源于人为因素的铅锌矿开采活动的“三废”。垂向上,4种重金属垂向呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,Cd向下迁移浓度峰值出现的深度比Zn、Pb和As的要深。研究结果可为合理制定岩溶矿区土壤污染的有效管控和修复治理提供依据。In order to study the distribution characteristics and vertical migration of soil heavy metals in different functional areas of a valley type lead-zinc mine in southwest karst area,the surface layer and representative vertical soil were collected,the contents of Pb,Zn,Cd and As in soil were determined by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry and microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry.The results showed that compared with the background value,all the four heavy metals were enriched,among which Cd is the most enriched.Compared with the screening value,the As pollution is the most serious.Among them,the As pollution area in the beneficiation plant area is the largest,accounting for 99.71%.while the Zn,Pb and Cd elements have similar spatial distribution characteristics,and the pollution severity in different functional areas is as follows:beneficiation plant area>waste pond area>tailings reservoir area.Except for As,the coefficient of variation of the other three heavy metals is large,and there is very strong point source pollution.At the same time,there is a significant positive correlation between heavy metals,mainly comes from the"three wastes"of lead-zinc mining activities caused by human factors.In the vertical direction,the four heavy metals showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,the peak of Cd content appears in much deeper soil than that of Zn,Pb and As.The results can provide a basis for the effective control and remediation of soil pollution in karst mining area.

关 键 词：西南岩溶地区 土壤重金属 污染特征 迁移规律 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]