中古欧洲与中古世界——历史多样性统一视野下的探讨  

Medieval Europe and the Medieval World:A Discussion from the Perspective of the Unity of Historical Diversity

作　　者：侯树栋[1] Hou Shudong

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,100875

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2022年第6期56-67,158,共13页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：历史是多样性的统一,中古世界当然也不例外。中古世界的各个国家、地区和民族都具有各自的历史演进理路,因而都是“特殊”的。然而,这些“特殊”不是脱离中古世界共同结构与法则的“特殊”,而是蕴含共同结构与法则的“特殊”。现代文明始于欧洲的一隅之地西北欧,这是历史事实。正是这个事实促使论者竭力论证西方与非西方历史和文化的差异乃至根本不同,进而在不同程度上将中古欧洲纳入以“现代”的发生为中心的历史叙事。历史学家在面对中古世界无限丰富的历史差异时,似应进一步思考,这些差异显示的是根本不同的社会,还是同性同质社会在一些层面的不同表现?运用唯物史观,自觉引入世界历史眼光,能够更好地回答这些问题,避免陷入历史阐释中的某种“后见之明”。The nature of history is the unity of diversity,and so is it of the medieval world.The various countries,regions and nations of the medieval world were all special in having their own unique patterns of historical evolution.However,we should not understand these“particularities”in the absolute sense,because they were all subjected to the common structure and rules of the medieval world.Modern civilization originated in Northwestern Europe.It is this fact that drives some scholars to stress the fundamental and even absolute differences between Western and non-Western histories and cultures.As a result,to varying degrees,Medieval Europe has been placed at the center of the historical narratives of the origin of“modernity”.Faced with the infinitely rich historical differences of the medieval world,historians ought to think further:do these differences support the assertion that the medieval world consisted of heterogeneous societies,or did these societies share some fundamental characters?Only by adopting historical materialism can historians develop a conscious view of world history to better answer these questions and avoid falling into the trap of the“hindsight of history”in historical interpretation.

关 键 词：中古欧洲 中古世界 多样性统一 

分 类 号：K13[历史地理—历史学] K091[历史地理—世界史]