欧盟法的域外适用:价值目标、生成路径和自我限制  

The Extraterritorial Application of the EU Law:Value Objectives,Realization Approach and Self-Constraints

作　　者：蒋小红[1] Jiang Xiaohong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所

出　　处：《国际法研究》2022年第6期91-107,共17页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：最高人民法院2022年度司法研究重大课题“涉外法治重大课题研究”(项目批准号:ZGFYZDKT202205-03)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,欧盟在越来越多的领域不断扩展欧盟法域外适用范围。欧盟法域外适用不局限于维护欧盟内部利益这一目标,还借助单边立法域外适用的工具实现其外交政策目标,具有显著的国际定位的特征。根据国际法,欧盟域外适用欧盟法,一方面要符合立法管辖权上的合法性要求以证明其享有域外管辖权,另一方面在行使域外管辖权时要符合合理性要求。欧盟利用扩张解释属地原则和属人原则、扩大效果原则的适用范围和自由裁量范围、利用实际联系原则的不同含义泛化理解欧盟法律和被规制对象之间的联系等路径来拓展欧盟法的域外适用范围。欧盟在努力扩张欧盟法域外适用的过程中,在追求合法性的同时,还在有限程度内注意欧盟法域外适用的合理性,避免域外适用造成潜在的管辖权冲突。在欧盟法的域外适用过程中,欧盟法院积极发挥司法能动性,充当了欧盟法域外适用的幕后推动者。尽管欧盟法的域外适用存在着多方面的合法性困境,其制度构建仍有值得中国借鉴的地方。The phenomenon of extraterritorial application of the EU law is widespread in more and more areas and the scope of extraterritorial application of EU law is gradually expanding.The extraterritorial application of EU law is generally characterized by an international orientation revealing that the objectives it pursues are not limited to the internal objectives of the EU,but also include promoting the achievement of external objectives.It is generally accepted that international law sets limits to the legislative jurisdiction of states and the exercise of it.EU’s extraterritorial jurisdiction has to meet the requirements of legitimacy and rationality.In a bid to justify the extraterritorial jurisdiction the main methods of extending the scope of extraterritorial application of the EU law include the extensive interpretation of territoriality principle and nationality principle,extending the application scope of the“effect principle”and the ambit of discretion,and loosing the relationship between the EU law and the regulated foreign conducts based on the varying assessment of“substantial connection”requirement.In addition to the demonstration of the existence of a permissive legislative basis,the EU pays attention to the rationality to avoid overlapping jurisdiction and the potential conflicts of law while exercising the right of extraterritorial jurisdiction,albeit in a limited extent.The European Court plays the role of judicial activism and acts as the driving force behind the extraterritorial application of the EU Law.The EU is facing the challenge of legitimacy from the different perspectives in the process of extraterritorial application of the EU law,whereas China can learn from its system construction and get inspired.

关 键 词：欧盟法 欧洲联盟条约 域外适用 域外管辖 属地原则 属人原则 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]