宪法司法适用否定说之反思  

A Reflection on the Negation of the Judicial Application of the Constitution

作　　者：李海平[1] 沙洲 LI Hai-ping;SHA Zhou(School of Law,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期61-73,共13页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“合宪性解释在民事裁判中的运用研究”(项目编号:20BFX029)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宪法司法适用否定说在概念界定、文本解释和功能判断方面存在缺憾,与坚持依宪治国、全面实施宪法的时代要求不相适应。宪法适用包括直接宪法适用和间接宪法适用,合宪性审查意义上的宪法适用和非合宪性审查意义上的宪法适用;宪法司法适用否定说将宪法适用限定于直接宪法适用并等同于合宪性审查,不当限缩了宪法适用概念的内涵和外延。综合宪法序言第13自然段、第62条、第67条、第131条的规定,法院享有从属于全国人大及其常委会的有限度的宪法解释和适用权,宪法司法适用否定说忽视了序言第13自然段的规范内涵,误将第131条法院独立审判条款解释为司法裁判依据条款,第62条和第67条赋予全国人大及其常委会的终局宪法解释权理解为专属宪法解释权。宪法司法适用否定说忽略了裁判文书说理部分援用的宪法作为实质裁判依据的可能性,以及合宪性解释蕴含的间接宪法适用。遵循效力、形式和条件限定的宪法司法适用说是更为妥当的解释方案。The negation of the judicial application of the constitution has some defects in the concept definition,text interpretation,and functional judgment,and it does not fit in with the requirement of the era when we insist on constitution-based governance and the implement the Constitution in an all-round way.The application of the Constitution includes direct application and indirect application of the Constitution,the application of the Constitution in the sense of constitutional review,and the application of the Constitution in the sense of non-constitutional review.The denial of judicial application of the Constitution limits the application of the Constitution to direct application and equates it to constitutional review,which incorrectly reduces the connotation and extension of the concept of the application of the Constitution.In conjunction with the provisions of the 13th paragraph of the preamble to the Constitution,Article 62,Article 67 and Article 131 of the Constitution,the court enjoys the limited power of interpretation and application of the constitution subordinate to the NPC and its Standing Committee.The negative view of the judicial application of the constitution ignores the normative connotation of the 13th paragraph of the preamble to the Constitution,misinterprets the independent trial clause of Article 131 as the judicial basis clause,and the final power of constitutional interpretation conferred by Article 62 and Article 67 on the NPC and its Standing Committee is misunderstood as the exclusive power of constitutional interpretation.The negation of the judicial application of the Constitution ignores the possibility of the Constitution invoked in the reasoning part of the adjudication documents as the basis of substantive adjudication,and the indirect constitutional application implied in the constitutionality interpretation.The judicial application of the constitution,which follows the limits of validity,form and conditions,is a more appropriate interpretation scheme.

关 键 词：宪法司法适用 宪法解释 合宪性解释 宪法第131条 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]