超临界CO_(2)萃取含油污泥研究现状与进展  

Progress of oily sludge extraction by supercritical CO_(2)

作　　者：贾文龙[1] 宋硕硕 李长俊[1] 吴瑕[1] 杨帆 张员瑞 JIA Wenlong;SONG Shuoshuo;LI Changjun;WU Xia;YANG Fan;ZHANG Yuanrui(Petroleum Engineering School,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《化工进展》2022年第12期6573-6585,共13页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52074238,51974269);四川省科技计划(2020YFSY0053)。

摘　　要：含油污泥是一种含有大量有机物、絮状体的复杂多相稳定乳化胶体体系,主要来源于油气开采和集输过程。污泥中的含油量一般为10%~30%(体积分数),利用超临界二氧化碳(supercritical CO_(2),scCO_(2))提取和回收其中的油基成分可实现污泥的无害化处理,并产生可观的经济效益。本文综述了scCO_(2)萃取原理及工业化应用情况,分析了萃取条件及携带剂对萃取率的影响,重点论述了scCO_(2)萃取含油污泥的相平衡热力学及动力学机制研究进展。指出应坚持实验与理论相结合的手段,着重开展以下三方面的研究:①针对含油污泥组成复杂、极性组分含量高的特点,结合scCO_(2)与含油污泥多组分复杂体系相平衡实验,建立scCO_(2)萃取含油污泥的相平衡模型,阐明scCO_(2)萃取含油污泥的相平衡特征及影响因素;②考虑不同分子间的键结合能与非键结合能,从scCO_(2)萃取油基的微观效应出发,探究油基与污泥基质间的吸附、解吸及扩散规律,定性描述、定量揭示scCO_(2)萃取油的动力学特征与作用机制;③考虑萃取工艺的经济性,以萃取率最高为目标函数,建立萃取条件优化模型,为scCO_(2)萃取含油污泥工艺的设计、优化及工业化应用提供理论与技术支撑。Oily sludge is a complex multiphase stable emulsified colloid system,which contains a large amount of organic matter and flocs.It mainly comes from the process of oil and gas development and transportation.The volumetric content of oil in the sludge is generally 10%-30%.Extraction and recovery of the oil in the sludge can realize the harmless treatment of the sludge and produce considerable economic benefits.Supercritical carbon dioxide(supercritical CO_(2),scCO_(2))can dissolve small molecules of organic matter.And its diffusion coefficient is much larger than that of liquid,approaching that of gas.And it has good flow permeability.This technology has great application prospects for extracting oil-based components in oily sludge.In this paper,the principle and industrial application of scCO_(2) extraction were reviewed.Combined with experiment and theory,following three aspects of the research could be focused:①According to the characteristics of complex composition and high content of polar components of oily sludge,combined with the multiphase equilibrium experiment of scCO_(2) and oily sludge,the multiphase equilibrium model of scCO_(2) extraction was established to clarify the multiphase equilibrium characteristics and influencing factors of scCO_(2) extraction of oily sludge.②Based on the microscopic effects of scCO_(2) extraction of oil base, the laws of adsorption and diffusion between oil base and sludge matrix was explored, and the kinetic characteristics and mechanism of scCO_(2) extraction were qualitatively described and quantitatively reveal;③Considering the economy of the extraction process and taking the highest extraction rate as the objective function, the optimization model of extraction conditions was established to provide theoretical and technical supports for the design, optimization and industrial application of scCO_(2) extraction oily sludge process.

关 键 词：超临界二氧化碳 含油污泥 溶剂萃取 回收 相平衡 动力学 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]