不同补水条件对浅水湖泊湿地夏候鸟生境适宜性影响:以白洋淀鹭类生境为例  

Effects of different water replenishment conditions on habitat suitability of summer migratory birds in shallow lake wetlands:a case study on habitat of herons in Baiyangdian Lake

作　　者：韩泽鹏 韩祯 朱长军 王世岩[2] 郝文龙 HAN Zepeng;HAN Zhen;ZHU Changjun;WANG Shiyan;HAO Wenlong(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,Hebei,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院,河北邯郸056038 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2022年第11期1-12,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：河北省湿地生态与保护重点实验室基金项目(hklk201914);国家自然科学基金项目(52009148);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室基金项目(WE1203B082022)。

摘　　要：明确水鸟生境分布和变化,对于维持湿地水鸟物种多样性,改善生态环境质量具有重要意义。白洋淀丰富多样的生境条件为水鸟觅食栖息提供了良好条件。2017年以来,白洋淀生态补水工作取得显著成效,水质由劣V类提升到全面Ⅲ类,水位稳定保持在7 m左右,淀区面积由171 km 2恢复至275 km 2左右,水域面积不断扩大,水鸟多样性和数量持续增加。但白洋淀地形复杂,生境影响因素众多,不同补水条件下水鸟生境的空间异质性特征还缺乏定量研究。结合遥感和地理信息系统技术,建立生境适宜性指数(HSI)评价模型,量化分析了不同补水条件下白洋淀4—8月鹭类生境的时空变化。结果表明:白洋淀水位和鹭类适宜生境面积密切相关。4月份,鹭类中、高适宜生境面积随水位呈单峰型变化,在水位为7.21 m时达到最大,约为79.76 km 2;5—8月份,鹭类中、高适宜生境面积随水位降低而增大,当水位低于6.33 m时随水位降低而逐渐减少。补水入淀位置是影响鹭类适宜生境时空格局的主要原因。单一入淀口补水,如由小白河、白沟引河分别补水,对淀区北部烧车淀生境适宜性改善效果显著,由府河补水对西部藻苲淀生境适宜性提升明显;4月初水位越低则4—5月份中高适宜生境面积越大。多个入淀口补水,由瀑河、府河和白沟引河相机补水,对整个淀区生境适宜性的改善效果最为显著;4月初高水位比低水位更利于4—8月鹭类栖息。研究成果对于白洋淀夏候鸟种群监测和保护具有一定科学意义。Ascertaining the distribution and change of aquatic bird habitat is important to maintain the diversity of wetland aquatic bird species and improve the quality of the eco-environment.The rich and diverse habitat conditions of Baiyangdian Lake provide good conditions for foraging and perching of aquatic birds.Since 2017,remarkable effect of the ecological water replenishment for Baiyangdian Lake is achieved,and then the water quality therein is improved from poor class V to comprehensive class III,the water level is maintained at about 7 m and the area of the lake area is restored from 171 km 2 to about 275 km 2 with the continuous expansion of water area and the continuous increases of diversity and number of aquatic birds.However,the land form of Baiyangdian Lake is complicated with numerous habitat impacting factors,while the relevant quantitative studies are still lacking for the characteristics of the spatial heterogeneity of aquatic bird habitats under different water replenishment conditions.In combination with the techniques of remote sensing and GIS,a habitat suitability index(HSI)evaluation model is established herein,and then the spatial-temporal changes of herons habitats in Baiyangdian Lake from April to August under different water replenishment conditions are quantitively analyzed.The results show that the water level of Baiyangdian Lake and the area of suitable habitats for herons are closely related.In April,the areas of the habitats for herons with medium and high suitabilities exhibit unimodal changes and reach the maximum of about 79.76 km 2 at the water level of 7.21 m,while the areas of the habitats for herons with medium and high suitabilities increase with the decrease of the water level and then are gradually decrease with the decrease of the water level at the water level below 6.33 m during May~August.The location of replenishing water into the lake is the main cause affecting the spatial-temporal pattern of the suitable habitats for herons.The effect of water replenishment at a single e

关 键 词：水鸟 生境适宜性 补水条件 白洋淀 水资源 水环境 浅水湖泊 湿地生态系统 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]