广西来宾市旱改水稻田水稻黄化病因调查与综合诊断  

Etiology survey and comprehensive diagnosis about rice yellowing disease in paddy field transformed from dryland in Laibin city, Guangxi

作　　者：周健平 卢洁 兰志斌 李德越 陈仁钦 张大刊 陆秋萍 但雪 李一鸣 李天娇 邹承武[1,2] 何勇强 ZHOU Jian-ping;LU Jie;LAN Zhi-bin;LI De-yue;CHEN Ren-qin;ZHANG Da-kan;LU Qiu-ping;DAN Xue;LI Yi-ming;LI Tian-jiao;ZOU Cheng-wu;HE Yong-qiang(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety,Nanning 530004,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Guangxi University/State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources,Nanning 530004,China;Plant Protection Station of Xingbin District of Laibin City,Laibin,Guangxi 546100,China;Guangxi Duodele Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院/广西农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室,南宁530004 [2]广西大学生命科学与技术学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,南宁530004 [3]广西来宾市兴宾区植物保护站,广西来宾546100 [4]广西多得乐生物科技有限公司,南宁530006

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第10期2334-2342,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD02003);广西自然科学基金项目(2019GXNSFAA245052)。

摘　　要：【目的】开展旱改水稻田水稻黄化病因调查与综合诊断,为提高广西旱改水工程农田质量及确保粮食安全提供参考依据。【方法】采取排除法、比较法和关联分析法相结合的策略,综合田间调查与实验室分析相结合的诊断办法,对广西来宾市兴宾区陶邓镇和高安乡典型旱改水黄化稻田土壤和水稻叶片的理化性质、农药残留、主要病害病原菌进行分析,综合诊断引起旱改水稻田水稻黄化的病因。【结果】理化分析结果显示,旱改水黄化稻田的土壤pH及有机质、全氮、全磷和全镁含量均显著低于对照(CK)(P<0.05,下同),锰、铜、锌、铝和砷含量均显著高于CK;黄化水稻叶片的氮、磷和镁含量明显低于CK,而锰和铜含量均高于CK;黄化稻田土壤中前茬除草剂残留量显著低于CK稻田土壤,黄化水稻叶片中未检出橙叶病和黄萎病病原,排除旱改水稻田水稻黄化是由植物病原微生物和除草剂残留引起。补肥简比试验结果显示,“复合肥+钙镁磷肥+尿素”组合未能有效纠正旱改水水稻的黄化问题,而将部分复合肥更换为新型测土配方水稻肥可有效纠正旱改水水稻的黄化病,具体表现为分蘖末期水稻黄化病株率和病叶率显著下降,水稻产量显著提高。【结论】土壤镁和氮素缺乏是引起广西来宾市旱改水稻田水稻黄化的主要原因,旱改水稻田土壤物理结构较差、有机质含量低,以及酸度和活性锰、铜、砷含量偏高等综合因素加剧了黄化症状,通过有针对性的补肥和多措并举改善稻田土壤理化性质可有效改善水稻黄化症状,实现水稻稳产丰收。【Objective】The study aimed to investigate and diagnose rice with yellowing disease in paddy fields transformed from dryland, so as to provide reference for improving farmland quality and ensuring food security in Guangxi.【Method】Exclusion, comparison and correlation analysis were adopted, and diagnostic methods of field investigation and laboratory analysis were used to analyze physical and chemical properties, pesticide residues, and pathogenic bacteria of major diseases in the soil and rice leaves from paddy fields transformed from dryland in Taodeng town and Gaoan township, Xingbin district, Laibin city, Guangxi for finding out the cause of rice yellowing disease in the paddy fields.【Result】The results of physical and chemical analysis showed that soil pH value, organic matter content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total magnesium in paddy fields transformed from dryland were significantly lower than those in control(P<0.05, the same as below) and manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum and arsenic in the paddy field were significantly higher than those in control. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium in rice infected with yellowing disease were significantly lower than those in CK, while the contents of manganese and copper were higher than those in CK. The residues of previous herbicides in the soil of paddy fields were significantly lower than those in the paddy field in control group. The pathogens of orange leaf disease and verticillium wilt were not detected in infected rice. It was ruled out that rice yellowing in new paddy field was caused by plant pathogenic microorganisms and herbicide residues. The results of the supplementary fertilizer test showed that the combination of ‘compound fertilizer + calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + urea’ failed to effectively correct the yellowing problem of rice in paddy field, while replacing part of the compound fertilizer with a new soil testing formula rice fertilizer could effectively correct the yellowing disease of rice in

关 键 词：旱改水 水稻黄化病 综合诊断 关联分析 广西来宾市 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]