滇东土壤重金属高背景区不同农田利用方式对作物镉砷含量的影响  

Effects of different farmland use ways on cadmium and arsenic in crops planting in soil heavy metal high background area of eastern Yunnan

作　　者：杨赵 和丽萍 姚红胜 王丽 李丽娜 杨涛明 唐嫚 崔灿文 YANG Zhao;HE Li-ping;YAO Hong-sheng;WANG Li;LI Li-na;YANG Tao-ming;TANG Man;CUI Can-wen(Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences,Kunming 650034,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省生态环境科学研究院,昆明650034

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第10期2428-2435,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2018BC003)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解滇东土壤重金属高背景区不同农田利用方式对土壤和农作物镉、砷含量的影响及其存在的生态风险。【方法】以滇东土壤重金属高背景区农田土壤和作物为研究对象,通过162对土壤与农作物协同采样分析,研究旱地、蔬菜地和水-旱轮作地3种利用方式下镉、砷在土壤和农作物中的含量特征和潜在生态风险。【结果】调查区农用地土壤pH以中性偏碱为主,有机质含量10.8~118.0 g/kg。土壤镉含量分布为0.10~3.2 mg/kg,超筛选值比例为59.88%,超管制值比例为3.09%;砷含量分布为2.59~112.0 mg/kg,超筛选值比例为35.80%,超管制值比例为1.23%。土壤镉、砷活化率分别为0.162%~0.231%和0.013%~0.041%。相对于旱地和水-旱轮作地,蔬菜地土壤镉、砷活化率显著高于旱地。调查的稻谷、玉米、小麦、叶菜、芸薹类蔬菜、块根和块茎蔬菜、瓜果类蔬菜、豆类8个作物类别的可食部分镉、砷含量和富集系数均较低,仅有2个样品镉含量超过GB 2762—2017限值,超标率为1.23%。相比较而言,蔬菜地农作物可食部分的镉含量和镉富集系数显著高于旱地农作物;而水-旱轮作地农作物可食部分砷含量和砷富集系数显著高于旱地和蔬菜地。同一农田利用类型下,土壤镉活化率均显著高于砷活化率,农作物对镉的富集系数均显著高于砷富集系数。【结论】在滇东土壤重金属高背景区农田土壤镉、砷潜在生态风险等级属轻微风险。【Objective】The aim of the study is to understand the effects of different farmland use types on cadmium and arsenic contents in soils and crops and the consequent ecological risks in the high background area of eastern Yunnan.【Method】The soils and crops in the farmland in the high background area in eastern Yunnan were taken as the research objects. Total of 162 pairs samples of soil and crops were sampled simultaneously to quantify the content of Cd and As, and evaluate potential ecological risks of Cd and As in soils and crops under three farmland use types: dryland, vegetable field and paddy-dry rotation field.【Result】The soil of agricultural land in the surveyed areas was mainly neutral and alkaline, and the organic matter content was 10.8-118.0 g/kg. The range of soil Cd content was 0.10-3.2 mg/kg. There was 59.88% and 3.09% of the investigated sites where Cd content in the soil exceeded the screening value and the intervention value. The range of arsenic content was 2.59-112.0 mg/kg. There was 35.80% and 1.23% of the investigated sites where the As content in the soil exceeded the screening value and the intervention value. The active proportion of Cd and As in soil were 0.162%-0.231% and 0.013%-0.041%,respectively. The active proportions of Cd and As in vegetable soil were significantly higher than those in dry land. In soils cultivated with rice, corn, wheat, leafy vegetables, Brassica vegetables, root and tuber vegetables, melon and fruit vegetables, beans, the contents and enrichment coefficient of Cd and As in edible parts of the investigated crops were low. Only in two samples did the values exceed the limit values of GB 2762—2017, by 1.23%. In comparison, the Cd content and its enrichment coefficient of the edible part in vegetable were significantly higher than that of the dryland crops;While the As content and its enrichment coefficient of edible part of the crops in the paddy-dry rotation field were significantly higher than those of the dryland and vegetable field. Under the same fa

关 键 词：农田利用方式 高背景 土壤镉 土壤砷 农作物 富集系数 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]