黄河内蒙古防凌应急乌兰布和分洪区景观格局特征  

Landscape pattern characteristics of Ulan Buh flood diversion area for ice prevention in Inner Mongolia of Yellow River

作　　者：陈晓娜 赵纳祺 刘湘杰 张景波[1,2] 郑松州 葛根巴图 CHEN Xiao-na;ZHAO Na-qi;LIU Xiang-jie;ZHANG Jing-bo;ZHENG Song-zhou;GE Genbatu(Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou,Inner Mongolia 015200,China;National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Comprehensive Control in Ulan Buh Desert,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Dengkou,Inner Mongolia 015200,China;Beijing Golden River Water Resources&Hydropower Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200 [2]乌兰布和沙漠综合治理国家长期科研基地,内蒙古磴口015200 [3]北京金河水务建设集团有限公司,北京102206

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第10期2445-2452,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2021ZB003-04、CAFYBB2018MA005)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨黄河内蒙古防凌应急乌兰布和分洪区分洪对周边景观格局的影响。【方法】采用景观格局指数和缓冲带分析相结合的方法,对奈伦湖周边土地利用类型变化、景观破碎化的缓冲带格局以及土地类型和景观指数整体变化三方面进行动态分析。【结果】(1)分洪后分洪区3.0 km范围内水体、草地面积有所增加,随时间推移,草地面积基本呈增加的趋势,水体、草地等逐渐取代荒漠,周边生态环境得到改善。距湖体0.3 km范围内,水体面积由4.14 hm^(2)扩展到341.37 hm^(2);距湖体2.7~3.0 km范围内,水体面积由0发展至11.07 hm^(2)。截止2017年,水体面积和草地面积分别增加997.83和425.88 hm^(2),城乡居民建设用地增至161.37 hm^(2),土地利用类型趋于均衡,各斑块面积相差减小。(2)沙地和其他用地面积降低,离分洪区越远,沙地面积缩减幅度变小,距湖体2.4~3.0 km时,沙地面积基本保持平衡,截止2017年,沙地面积减少718.29 hm^(2)。(3)景观水平指数上的斑块密度(PD)和香浓多样性指数(SHDI)随缓冲带增加的变化趋势基本一致,随缓冲带的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。距离分洪区0.3~1.2 km范围内,二者均有所增加;而距湖体1.2~3.0 km范围内,分洪虽能提高景观斑块分布均匀度,加剧破碎化程度,降低景观优势度,但其变化规律有所减弱。【结论】分洪会改善周边景观格局,分洪区1.2 km范围内改善效果最为明显。【Objective】 The study aimed to explore the influence of landscape pattern characteristics of Ulan Buh flood diversion area for ice prevention in Inner Mongolia of Yellow River.【Method】 Landscape pattern index and buffer zone analysis were used to analyze the changes of the area of different land types and the degree of landscape fragmentation. 【Result】(i) After the flood diversion, the water body and grassland increased within 3 kilometers. With the increase of years, the grassland area showed an increasing trend, and water and grassland gradually replaced the desert. Within 0.3 kilometers from the lake, the water area expanded from 4.14 to 341.37 hm^(2);Within 2.7-3.0 kilometers from the lake body, the water area developed from zero to 11.07 hm^(2). By 2017, the water area and grassland area increased by 997.83 and 425.88 hm^(2),construction land for urban and rural residents increased to 161.37 hm^(2).(ii) Sand land and other land area decreased, the further away from the flood diversion area, the smaller the sandy land area.When the distance from the lake was 2.4-3.0 kilometers, the sandy land area remained balanced. By 2017, the sandy land area had decreased by 718.29 hm^(2).(iii) The patch density(PD) and fragrant diversity index(SHDI) of landscape level index showed similar trends with the increase of buffer zone, with the increase of buffer zone, it increased first and then decreased.PD and SHDI increased within the range of 0.3-1.2 kilometers from flood diversion area;Landscape superiority was reduced, the degree of fragmentation was aggravated, patch types became abundant, landscape diversity was improved, but the law of its change weakened within the range of 1.2 to 3.0 kilometers.【Conclusion】The effect of Ulan Buh flood diversion area was relatively obvious on landscape pattern within 1.2 kilometers of the flood diversion area.

关 键 词：缓冲带 景观空间格局 景观破碎化 黄河防凌应急分洪区 

分 类 号：S759.92[农业科学—森林经理学]