日本落叶松人工林不同生长势林木的木材物理力学性质  

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Dominant-Average-Oppressed Wood of Japanese Larch

作　　者：王斯栋 褚江依 陈东升[2] 江京辉[1] Wang Sidong;Chu Jiangyi;Chen Dongsheng;Jiang Jinghui(Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,P.R.China;Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京10009 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2023年第1期106-110,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971652)。

摘　　要：以日本落叶松人工林为研究对象,根据国家物理力学标准,测定日本落叶松木材的基本密度、干缩性、抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、冲击韧性、顺纹抗拉强度等物理力学性能,分析评价长势(优势木、平均木和劣势木)、产地(甘肃沙坝和龙门)和胸径等对日本落叶松木材物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:(1)不同长势日本落叶松的木材密度和力学强度差异不显著,劣势木、平均木、优势木的干缩率逐步递增。(2)龙门与沙坝的日本落叶松抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、冲击韧性和顺纹抗拉强度差异不显著;沙坝样木的干缩率、抗弯强重比高于龙门,密度则低于龙门。(3)不同胸径日本落叶松物理性质存在显著性差异(P<0.05),木材密度随胸径先增大,后趋于稳定,弦向和体积干缩率以及干缩比与胸径正相关,径向干缩率则随胸径先减小后增大;不同胸径间抗弯强度、冲击韧性与抗拉强度无显著性差异,弹性模量随胸径增加先增大后减小;胸径22~28 cm的日本落叶松材性较优,且处于适伐阶段。(4)产地和长势对日本落叶松木材的密度、径向气干干缩率、干缩比、抗弯强重比有显著的交互作用。Taking Japanses larch(Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)Car)plantation as the project,physical and mechanical properties involving the basic density,drying shrinkage,modulus of elasticity,bending strength,impact blending strength,tensile strength parallel to the grain were measured,with reference to the State Standard of the People’s Republic of China,and the effects of social class(oppressed,average and dominant),origin(Shaba and Longmen in Gansu Province)and diameter at breast height on the physical and mechanical properties were discussed.The results showed that:(1)The density and mechanical strength of Japanese larch were not significantly different among different social class,and the shrinkage rate of oppressed,average,and dominant woods increased.(2)The modulus of elasticity,blending strength,impact blending strength,and tensile strength of Japanese larch of Longmen and Shaba were not significantly different;the shrinkage ratio,blending strength-to-weight ratio of Shaba was higher than that of Longmen and the density was lower.(3)There were significant differences in the physical properties of Japanese larch with different diameters at breast height(P<0.05).The density first increases with the diameter and then tends to be stable.Tangential and volume shrinkage ratio and differential shrinkage coefficient are positively correlated with the diameter,while the radial shrinkage rate first decreases and then increases with the diameter.There is no significant difference in blending strength,impact blending strength and tensile strength among the larch with different the diameters at breast height.The modulus first increases and then decreases with the diameter.Japanese larch with a diameter at breast height of 22-28 cm had better wood properties which is suitable for cutting.(4)The origin and social class have a significant interaction effect on the density,radial air-dry shrinkage,differential shrinkage coefficient and blending strength-to-weight ratio.

关 键 词：日本落叶松 人工林 长势 胸径 物理力学性质 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]