福岛核污水排放方案的国际法问题——基于放射性废物处置视角的考察  

A Study on International Legal Issues of Fukushima Nuclear-Contaminated Water Discharge Plan:From the Perspective of Radioactive Waste Disposal

作　　者：张诗奡 Zhang Shiao

机构地区：[1]南京大学国际关系学院、中国南海研究协同创新中心

出　　处：《日本学刊》2022年第6期49-81,150,153,共35页Japanese Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国核损害赔偿制度立法研究”(编号:18CFX049);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:14370006)。

摘　　要：2022年7月22日,日本核安全监管机构原子能规制委员会正式批准东京电力公司提交的关于福岛核污水排海方案的申请,完成了日本国内法体系的审核批准程序。作为2011年福岛核事故引发的高放射性核污水的处置方案,福岛核污水排海方案于国际原子能法角度对全球核安全治理提出了监管难题。目前国际原子能法相关条约及技术文件,对各国针对因事故引发的“异常废物”的相关处置机制的适用存在局限性,实际效力亦存在缺陷。在此背景下,日本政府利用其国内法制度存在的空白,通过专案规制的方式批准东京电力公司关于福岛核污水排放方案的做法,可能对全球海洋环境造成代际风险,并涉嫌违反“合理性原则”和“放射性环境影响评价原则”等国际法原则。就讨论国际原子能法存在的局限性和实效性缺陷问题而言,福岛核污水问题具有高度代表意义。On July 22^(nd),2022,the Nuclear Regulation Authority,the regulatory body on nuclear safety in Japan,accomplishing the review and approval process within Japan’s domestic legal regime,officially approved the application submitted by Tokyo Electric Power Company(TEPCO) for the plan on discharging Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water.As a discharging plan for the highconcentration radioactive waste caused by the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011,the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water discharge plan poses a challenge to the regulation of Global Governance of Nuclear Safety from the perspective of International Nuclear Law.Recently,the relevant treaties and technical documents of the International Nuclear Law have limitations on the application and effectiveness of the relevant disposal mechanisms for "abnormal waste" caused by accidents.In this context,the Japanese government,by evading the gaps in its domestic legal regime,approved the TEPCO’s discharging plan for Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water through ad hoc regulation,which may cause intergenerational risks to the global marine environment,and.is suspected of violating the " Principle of Justification" and " Principle of Radioactive Environmental Impact Assessment" in International Nuclear Law.Concerning of study on the limitations and effectiveness of the International Nuclear Law,the Fukushima Contaminated Water issue could be regarded as a typical example.

关 键 词：福岛核污水 国际原子能法 日本核监管 放射性废物 

分 类 号：D999.2[政治法律—国际法学]