仪式过度及其理论——以一位彝族患者的仪式治疗史为例  

Over-ritual and Its Theory:A Case Study of Ritual Healing in A Yi Ethinic Socity

作　　者：嘉日姆几 Jiarimuji(School of Law and Sociology,Yunan Normal University)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学法学与社会学学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2022年第6期194-209,共16页Open Times

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“凉山彝族对精神障碍患者的仪式治疗研究”(项目编号:19ASH013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：仪式过度指仪式医疗中过度治疗的观念与实践,鲜有学者涉足该话题。凉山彝族认为,当不同的仪式治疗师长期治疗同一患者时,由于经文、仪式和话语的差别,往往会造成仪式过度。仪式过度会形成话语“臃肿”充斥患者的生活和仪式空间,导致仪式治疗无效。彝族人用一种特殊的“吐槽”仪式来疏导话语“臃肿”,将其转换为具有心理意义的治疗话语,仪式过度的解除是一种在过度中重启心理建设的过渡性方案。仪式过度内在地含有生活史视角,它既是一种治疗方法也是一种认识方法。作为特殊的仪式批评,仪式过度的观念与实践将启示我们:仪式医疗的分析单元应该是仪式以外的生活史,而不仅仅是仪式本身。Over-ritual refers to the concept and practice of overtreatment in ritual healing--a topic few scholars have dabbled in.The Yi people in Liangshan believe that when different ritual healers treat the same patient for a long time,over-ritual may occur due to a medley of different scriptures,rituals,and words.Over-ritual can lead to“bloated”verbiage that overflow the patient’s life and ritual space,resulting in ineffective treatment.The Yi people use a special“roasting”ritual to streamline the verbosity and transform it into a therapeutic discourse with psychological significance.The lifting of the ritual is a transitional solution by restarting psychological construction where an over-ritual occurs.Over-ritual contains a life history perspective,which is both a therapeutic and a hermeneutic method.As a particular ritual critique,this paper holds that the concept and practice of overritual will teach us that the analytical unit of ritual healing should be the life history outside the ritual,not just the ritual itself.

关 键 词：仪式医疗 仪式过度 仪式治疗史 精神障碍 

分 类 号：R29[医药卫生—民族医学]