射线成像技术与商周青铜器铸接  

Radiographic examination and casting-on in bronze manufacture in early China

作　　者：苏荣誉[1] SU Rongyu(The Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2022年第6期1-9,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：商周青铜器生产基于独特的泥范块范法铸造技术体系,分铸铸接是实现铸件大型化和复杂化的主要途径。但直到20世纪中叶,盖滕斯才关注到这一问题。他起先采用剖切器物的方式认识铸接,又于60年代使用X射线照射成像,并使之成为古器物的常规检测方式,但结果常受器形局限。80年代起工业计算机断层扫描(CT)被用于青铜器检测,该技术不仅突破了X射线照射成像的局限,还带来了更多新的发现。新千年在日本和中国分别对青铜器做了大量检测,仅青铜铸接方面即有半环接榫、柱状销钉、铸焊等一系列新发现。本文简要回顾对青铜铸接的认识历史,揭示认知手段的变化,凸显射线成像的价值,强调问题意识和原创理论、方法和手段的重要性。Piece-mold casting was a unique means for bronze manufacture in ancient China,and cast-on was a kernel technique for big and sophisticated objects.Nevertheless,it was ignored till the middle of the 20th century since R.Gettens recognized cast-on in the Freer Gallery of Art by cutting first and then through X-radiography,even though the later method was limited by object shapes.Industrial computed tomography(CT)employed to examine Chinese bronzes since 1980s,which has not only broken through the limitation but also contributed more discoveries.A series of phenomena such as ring-shaped tenons,pins and welding,etc.in cast-on have been discovered by CT examinations in both Japan and China.This paper briefly reviews the history of studying the cast-on of Chinese bronzes including the changes of methodologies,reveals the value of radiography and emphasizes the importance of problem consciousness as well as creative theory,method and facility.

关 键 词：商周青铜器 铸接 剖切 X射线成像 计算机断层扫描 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K876.41[历史地理—历史学] O434.1[机械工程—光学工程]