正统、景泰北京保卫战前后军功封爵史事新论  

New Light on Ming’s Title System Based on Military Exploit around Defense of Beijing in 1449

作　　者：秦博 QIN Bo

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,100101

出　　处：《史林》2022年第5期44-56,219,共14页Historical Review

摘　　要：在正统、景泰两朝交替之际与景泰朝初期,明代大功封爵制度受到战争局势的影响而出现调整,这主要表现在对杨洪、石亨北京保卫战前的战时封爵,大同、宣府守将不再以斩获数量为主要标准的大功封爵,以及功臣封号、勋阶、铁券等待遇的暂缓颁授。这些封爵制度的变化具有一定的合理性,对“土木之变”后明廷成功抵抗瓦剌进犯,重新稳定政治局面具有一定的积极作用。通过探析这一时期计功标准、待遇颁授等封爵制度的调整,还可澄清史籍中有关石亨、杨洪等人记载的某些舛误。The title system based on military exploit changed due to the situation of war. Specifically, the title of nobility was not conferred according to the number of eliminated enemies. Digging into changes and regulations regarding the existing system, the present paper reveals the positive role such changes and regulations played in stabilizing the society and corrects some wrong records about several historical figures in history books of Qing.

关 键 词：“土木之变” 北京保卫战 明代封爵 石亨 杨洪 

分 类 号：K248.2[历史地理—历史学]