国家主管机关的海难救助与海上搜救行为探析  

Discussions and Analysis of Salvage at Sea and Maritime Search and Rescue by the National Competent Authorities

作　　者：邵筱童 SHAO Xiao-tong(Law School of Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,Liaoning 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海事》2022年第12期57-61,共5页China Maritime Safety

摘　　要：我国《海商法》第192条语义模糊,导致学术界对国家主管机关海上救助行为的性质及主管机关能否享有救助报酬请求权等问题争论较大。通过规范分析和实证分析方法,探讨以往关于主管机关海上救助行为理论的不足之处,结合《海上交通安全法》“海上搜寻救助”一章,厘清作为公权力主体的国家主管机关救援行为的公法性与私法性,得出结论:主管机关签订救助合同而实施的救助行为受《海商法》第192条的调整,主管机关有权依据救助效果取得救助报酬;而主管机关实施合同以外的救助行为属于狭义的海上搜救行为,受《海安法》调整。The ambiguity of Article 192 of China's Maritime Law has led to a heated debate in academic circles on the nature of the maritime rescue acts of the competent state authorities and whether the competent authorities can enjoy the right to claim for rescue remuneration.Using the methods of normative analysis and empirical analysis,it explores the shortcomings of previous theories on the maritime rescue acts of competent authorities and clarifies the public law and private law nature of the rescue acts of the competent state authorities as subjects of public power,in view of the chapter of the Maritime Traffic Safety Law on"Maritime Search and Rescue".It is concluded that Article 192 of the Maritime Law should be applied to the rescue acts carried out by the competent authorities,and the competent authorities are entitled to receive remuneration for the rescue according to the effect of the rescue;whereas the rescue acts carried out by the competent authorities beyond the contract belong to the maritime search and rescue acts in the narrow sense,to which the Maritime Safety Law should be applied.

关 键 词：主管机关 海难救助 海上搜救 行政事实行为 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]