脂肪粉和诱食剂对热应激环境下干奶牛生理状态、血清生化指标及产后产奶量的影响  

Effects of Fat Powder and Attractant on Physiological Status,Serum Biochemical Indices and Postpartum Milk Yield of Dry Dairy Cows under Heat Stress

作　　者：户林其 王海慧 赵晓静[2] 沈宜钊 李妍[4] 王姗姗 霍子韩 王志远 曹玉凤[1,4] 李建国[1,3,5,6] 高艳霞 HU Linqi;WANG Haihui;ZHAO Xiaojing;SHEN Yizhao;LI Yan;WANG Shanshan;HUO Zihan;WANG Zhiyuan;CAO Yufeng;LI Jianguo;GAO Yanxia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Baoding Vocational and Technical College,Baoding 071001,China;Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding 071001,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Dairy Industry Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]保定职业技术学院,保定071001 [3]农业农村部奶牛健康养殖重点实验室(部省共建),保定071001 [4]河北农业大学动物医学院,保定071001 [5]河北省牛羊胚胎技术创新中心,保定071001 [6]河北省乳制品产业技术研究院,石家庄050000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第12期7844-7857,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部—国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS36);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队项目(HBCT2018120203);河北省重点研发项目(20326606D)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究热应激环境下饲粮中添加脂肪粉和诱食剂对干奶牛生理状态、血清生化指标及产后产奶量的影响,以期为生产中通过营养调控缓解干奶牛热应激提供理论依据。选择40头处于干奶期的荷斯坦奶牛[妊娠天数(239±5)d、胎次(1.95±0.30)胎],随机分为4组,每组10头。采用2×2双因素试验设计,设2个诱食剂添加水平[0和2 g/(d•头)]和2个脂肪粉添加水平[0和60 g/(d•头)]。试验期97 d,其中预产期前40-20 d按上述处理进行补饲,所有试验牛在预产期前19 d至分娩当日、分娩后第1天至产后21 d、产后22-56 d统一管理,分别饲喂围产前期、围产后期和泌乳期饲粮,自由饮水。结果显示:1)脂肪粉、诱食剂及二者的交互作用对干奶牛的呼吸频率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加脂肪粉可显著降低直肠温度(P<0.05)。2)不同处理对热应激干奶牛干物质采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)补饲诱食剂组干奶牛预产期前28 d的血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);补饲脂肪粉+诱食剂组分娩当天的血清葡萄糖含量显著高于未补饲组和补饲诱食剂组(P<0.05);饲粮中添加诱食剂可显著降低产后7 d的血清甘油三酯含量(P<0.05)。4)不同处理对各采样时间点的血清热休克蛋白-70含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。5)不同处理对犊牛初生重无显著影响(P>0.05)。6)补饲诱食剂组第3周产奶量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),其他3组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,在热应激环境下,在干奶牛饲粮中添加脂肪粉和诱食剂,虽然对干物质采食量无显著影响,但可以提高奶牛产后血清葡萄糖含量,其中单独添加诱食剂可提高产后第3周的产奶量。The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of fat powder and attractants on the physiological status,serum biochemical indices and postpartum milk yield of dry dairy cows under heat stress,to provide a theoretical reference for relieving heat stress of dry dairy cows through nutritional regulation in production.Forty Holstein dairy cows with pregnancy days of(239±5)d and(1.95±0.30)parities at dry milk stage were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 cows in each group.A 2×2 two-factor experimental design was used,two supplemental levels of attractant[(0 and 2 g/(d•head)]and two supplemental levels of fat powder[0 and 60 g/(d•head)]were set up.The experiment lasted for 97 days,and the cows were fed with the above treatments from 40 to 20 days before the pre-production period.All the cows were managed uniformly from 19 days before the pre-production period to the day of delivery,from the first day of delivery to 21 days after delivery,and from 22 to 56 days after delivery.At each stage,they were fed with diets in the prepartum period,postpartum period,and lactation period,respectively,with free drinking water.The results showed as follows:1)fat powder,attractant and the interaction of them had not significant effects on respiratory rate(P>0.05),but adding fat powder to the diet significantly decreased rectal temperature(P<0.05).2)Different treatments did not significantly affect dry matter intake of heat-stress dry cows(P<0.05).3)The activity of serum alkaline phosphatase in the supplementary feeding attractant group was significantly higher than that in other three groups at 28 days before delivery(P<0.05).On the day of calving,the serum glucose content in the supplementary feeding fat powder+attractant group was significantly higher than that in the no supplementary feeding group and supplementary feeding attractant group(P<0.05).Adding attractant to the diet could significantly reduce the serum triglyceride content at 7 days after delivery(P<0.05).4)Different treatments did not significantly

关 键 词：脂肪粉 诱食剂 干奶牛 热应激 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]