桥梁板式橡胶支座典型病害下的力学性能研究  

Study on Mechanical Properties of Bridge Plate Rubber Bearing in Typical Disease

作　　者：高小妮[1] 沈理斌 沈健聪 GAO Xiao-ni;SHEN Li-bin;SHEN Jian-cong(Research Institute of Highway,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100088,China;Jiaxing Expressway Construction Development Co.,Ltd.,Zhejiang Jiangsu 314000,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088 [2]嘉兴市快速路建设发展有限公司,江苏浙江314000

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2022年第10期59-63,74,共6页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2020-9027)。

摘　　要：为了探讨桥梁板式橡胶支座在典型病害下的力学性能变化程度,通过调查目前桥梁板式橡胶支座使用情况及橡胶支座病害情况,统计分析了调研路段中小跨径桥梁近16万个支座病害类型情况,包括老化开裂、不均匀外鼓、竖向压缩超限、剪切变形超限、偏位和移位、脱空和偏压、滑板磨损及不锈钢板脱落等。针对调研支座中所占比例较大的两种常见的病害即支座脱空与剪切变形,开展了数值模拟分析研究。利用大型有限元分析软件建立两种支座典型病害平面模型,结合现行规范要求,施加10 MPa分级荷载。通过改变支座脱空面积和剪切角度,模拟支座在桥梁运营中的使用状态,进而对支座在不同病害程度下的力学性能进行了对比分析,建立了支座性能随着支座病害的变化曲线。结果表明:当支座脱空程度很小即支座发生脱空后,支座的压缩变形将超过支座允许压缩变形;当支座脱空率大于20%时,支座中钢板层内最大应力不满足现行规范要求,支座脱空对支座性能影响非常大;当板式橡胶支座剪切变形大于0.7时,支座加劲钢板最大应力大于钢材屈服强度325 MPa,支座可能产生不可恢复的剪切塑性变形。In order to explore the change degree of mechanical properties of plate rubber bearings of bridges in typical diseases, through investigating the current use the diseases of plate rubber bearings of bridges, the statistical analysis of types of nearly 160 000 bearing diseases of medium and small span bridges in the investigated sections is carried out, including aging cracking, uneven bulging, vertical compression overrun, shear deformation overrun, deflection and displacement, void and biasing, sliding plate wear and stainless steel plate falling off. Numerical simulation and analysis are carried out on 2 common diseases(bearing void and shear deformation) which account for a large proportion of the investigated bearings. The plane models of the typical diseases of the 2 kinds of bearing are established by using large-scale finite element analysis software, and 10 MPa graded loads are applied according to the requirements of the current specifications. By changing the void area and shear angle of the bearing, the service states of the bearings in bridge operation are simulated, the mechanical properties of the bearings under different degrees of disease are compared and analyzed, and the change curves of the bearing performance with the bearing disease are established. The result shows that(1) the compression deformation of the bearing will exceed the allowable compression deformation of the bearing when the degree of bearing void is very small, that is, the bearing void occurs;(2) when the bearing void rate is more than 20%,the maximum stress in the steel plate layer of the bearing does not meet the requirements of the current specification, and the bearing void has great impact on the bearing performance;(3) when the shear deformation of the plate rubber bearing is greater than 0.7,the maximum stress of the stiffening steel plate of the bearing is greater than the steel yield strength of 325 MPa, and the bearing may produce irrecoverable shear plastic deformation.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 力学性能 有限元分析 板式橡胶支座 典型病害 

分 类 号：U443.361[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]