日本明治维新前后“均田”之议与田制改革思想之变迁  

The Discussion of “Equal-field” and the Change on the Thought of Farmland System Reform ation before and after the Meiji Restoration in Japan

作　　者：林同威 Lin Tongwei

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学民族学与社会学学院,广西南宁530006

出　　处：《史学月刊》2022年第11期81-90,共10页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：日本江户时代,尽管德川幕府出台了禁止田地买卖的规定,但仍然发生了土地兼并的情况。为了加强对土地买卖与分配的干预,应对由兼并引发的社会危机,“均田”作为一种政策手段屡屡被提出。另一方面,也有一些学者对这一计划与理念进行了质疑,并呼吁为政者应正视土地流转的现实。明治时期的日本思想家和官员们受西方思想影响,在强调土地私有权,社会财富资源分配应由市场经济决定的基础上,将“均田”彻底否定。这些议论推动了日本近代土地制度改革方案的出台。During the Edo period in Japan, although the Tokugawa shogunate had issued a ban on buying and selling lands, land annexations still occurred.In order to restrict trade and distribution of lands, and solve the social crisis caused by the annexations, the “Equal-field” reform was presented frequently as a solution.However, faced with the reality that dramatic changes in rural society and economy were taking place, others had questioned these policies and opinions.In the early Meiji period, Japanese ideologists and officials were influenced by Western thoughts.As a consequence, they emphasized the private ownership of land and the distribution of social wealth and resources should be determined by the market economy.Besides, they denied the theory of “Equal-field”,and eventually promoted the introduction of the reform programs of modern land system.

关 键 词：日本 明治维新 均田制 田制改革 

分 类 号：K313.36[历史地理—历史学] K313.41[历史地理—世界史]