成兰铁路干旱河谷段边坡创面不同恢复阶段的植物多样性  

Plant diversity in excavated slopes of different vegetation restoration stages in arid valleys of the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway

作　　者：方月 魏强 赵健 万炳宏 闫晓俊 肖玖金[1] 陈良华[1] 韩美清 朱鹏[1] FANG Yue;WEI Qiang;ZHAO Jian;WAN Binghong;YAN Xiaojun;XIAO Jiujin;CHEN Lianghua;HAN Meiqing;ZHU Peng(Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River&National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River&Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base,Institute of Ecology&Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Engineering Management Center,China State Railway Group Corporation Limited.,Beijing 100038,China;The 1st Engineering Co.,Ltd of China Railway 25th Bureau Group,Guangzhou 510405,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Energy Saving&Environmental Protection&Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited.Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,长江上游森林资源保育与生态安全国家林业和草原局重点实验室,华西雨屏区人工林生态系统研究长期科研基地,四川农业大学生态林业研究所,成都611130 [2]中国国家铁路集团有限公司工程管理中心,北京100038 [3]中铁二十五局集团第一工程有限公司,广州510405 [4]四川农业大学风景园林学院,成都611130 [5]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第5期1137-1143,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2019YJ0422);成兰公司重大工程试验项目(CLSY2018001)资助。

摘　　要：成兰铁路工程岷江上游干旱河谷地带是生态环境最为脆弱、植被恢复最为困难的特殊地域单元.以成兰铁路岷江上游干旱河谷区一个典型的边坡创面恢复样地(约2.5年)为对象,对其不同恢复阶段植物群落的物种组成及多样性进行研究,以期为未来干旱河谷地区工程建设的边坡创面植被恢复提供理论依据和借鉴.结果显示:(1)各恢复阶段草本植物物种数差异不大,但灌木植物(2-8-12)和草灌(18-22-29)总的物种数表现出明显的依次增多,物种主要以菊科、唇形科、蔷薇科和豆科植物为主;(2)人工播撒的豆科草本物种在恢复后期重要值和优势比大大降低(紫苜蓿)或者消失(大花野豌豆和地角儿苗);(3)各恢复阶段草本植物的多样性指数已没有显著性的差异,恢复后期的灌木和草灌总平均物种数还显著地低于原始植被群落阶段,但Pielou均匀度指数显著高于原始植被群落阶段.本研究表明人工播撒一些广用性豆科草本以及胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)(豆科)、苦蒿(Eschenbachia blinii)、香青(Anaphalis sinica)等本地物种种子可促进岷江上游干旱河谷区工程建设中边坡创面植被群落的恢复进程,但要完全恢复到原始状态,还应对干旱河谷这类特殊地域单元植被恢复技术进行深入研究.The arid valley area of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in the Chengdu-Lanzhou railway of China is a unique geographical unit. It is the most vulnerable ecological environment and the most difficult to restore vegetation. This study took a typical restoration sample plot(ca. 2.5 a) of excavated slope in the arid valley area of Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway to study the vegetation diversity among different restoration stages, offering a theoretical and expirical basis to the vegetation restoration of this region in the future. The average number of species, Margalef index, Simpson index, Pielou index, and other indicators were calculated by investigating the type, height, coverage, and abundance of vegetation at different recovery stages of the slope. The results showed that there are limited differences in the number of species of herbs among the three restoration stages. However, the number of shrub(2-8-12) and shrub and herb(18-22-29) species obviously increased successively along restraint stages, which were mainly from Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae,and Leguminosae. Moreover, three artificially sown herbaceous Leguminosae species had a greatly reduced importance value and dominance ratio(Medicago sativa) or disappeared(Vicia bungei and Oxytropis bicolor)in later restoration stages(HSC). In addition, the diversity index of herbs did not show significant differences among the three restoration stages, and the average number of shrub species, and the total shrub and herb species in HSC were significantly lower than those of primitive plant community stage(WPC);however, the Pielou index of HSC was significantly higher than that of WPC. The artificial introduction of some common Leguminosae and local species such as Lespedeza bicolor(Leguminosae), Eschenbachia blini, and Anaphalis sinica could be expected to restore the vegetation community of an excavated slope in the arid valley area of the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Arid valley vegetation restoration technology should be used to fully restore this spec

关 键 词：成兰铁路 干旱河谷 边坡创面 植被恢复 植物多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]