接头形式对换热器管板接头焊接残余应力的影响  

Influence of Joint Type on Welding Residual Stress of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints in A Heat Exchanger

作　　者：沈溃领 蒋文春[1,2] 苏厚德[3,4] 张玉福 邹建东[3,4] 余建永 赵昕[3,4] SHEN Kuiling;JIANG Wenchun;SU Houde;ZHANG Yufu;ZOU Jiandong;YU Jianyong;ZHAO Xin(College of New Energy,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;Lanpec Technologies Limited,Lanzhou 730070,China;Shanghai Lanbin Petrochemical Equipment Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 201518,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)新能源学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油大学(华东)重质油国家重点实验室,山东青岛266580 [3]甘肃蓝科石化高新装备股份有限公司,甘肃兰州730070 [4]上海蓝滨石化设备有限责任公司,上海201518

出　　处：《热加工工艺》2022年第21期106-110,共5页Hot Working Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51575531);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0808801);2018年产业技术基础公共服务能力提升和行业质量共性技术推广项目(CMIF-ZHL-20190102-S001)。

摘　　要：管壳式换热器管子与管板焊接接头处存在较大的焊接残余应力,与腐蚀介质共同作用,容易导致应力腐蚀开裂。基于有限元ABAQUS软件,对换热器管子与管板焊接接头制造过程中的残余应力进行有限元模拟,考察接头形式对换热器管头残余应力分布的影响,并与X射线应力测试结果相对比,验证有限元模型的可靠性。结果表明,随着与焊缝距离的增加,管板外表面的径向残余应力和环向残余应力先增大后减小,与试验结果相吻合。不同接头形式的管头残余应力分布规律相似,最大径向应力和环向应力均在管子与管板焊接接头根部产生,对焊缝根部的裂纹具有重要影响。在管板外表面距离焊缝约5 mm处,径向应力存在一个高应力区,对管板表面裂纹具有重要的影响。与无坡口伸出角和平角接头相比,45°坡口伸出角接头具有最小的焊接残余应力。研究结果为管壳式换热器管子与管板焊接工艺的优化、降低焊接残余应力提供参考。Large welding residual stress exists in the tube-to-tubesheet welded joint of shell-and-tube heat exchangers,which easily leads to stress corrosion cracking when interacting with corrosive medium. The residual stress of the joint during a tube-to-tubesheet welding process was obtained by using the finite element ABAQUS software, and the influence of joint type on the residual stress distribution was investigated. The reliability of the finite element model was verified in comparison with the X-ray stress measurements. The results show that both the radial stress and hoop stress increase first and then decrease gradually with the increase of the distance away from the weld, which is well consistent with the experimental results. The distribution law of residual stress of the joints with different forms is similar, and the maximum residual radial stress and hoop stress are generated in the root of tube-to-tubesheet joint, which has an important effect on the cracks at the root of joints. At the positon with a distance of about 5 mm from the weld on the outer surface of the tube sheet, there is a high stress region in radial stress, which plays an important role in the surface cracks of the tubesheet. The residual stress of the joint for extension with a groove of45° is relatively small in comparison with that of the joint for extension without grooves and plain-end. The research results provide a reference for optimizing the welding process of tube-to-tubesheet joints and reducing the weld residual stress.

关 键 词：管壳式换热器 接头形式 焊接残余应力 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]