基于地理网格的历史地理数据组织方法研究  

Research on the Organization Method of Historical Geographic Data Based on Geographic Grid

作　　者：李爽 程承旗[2] Li Shuang;Cheng Chengqi(Center for Historical Geography Studies,Fudan University,200433;College for Engineering,Peking University,100871)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433 [2]北京大学工学院航空航天工程系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2022年第4期5-11,36,共8页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：上海市“晨光计划”项目“基于多级信息网格的多源异构历史地理数据模型研究”(2022年度);上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“基于古旧地图与遥感影像的上海开埠至今城市扩张研究”(2020ECK004);国家自然科学基金项目“基于长时序与多尺度视角的上海城市扩张信息图像研究”(1843—2020)(42001184)。

摘　　要：针对多源异构历史地理数据难以一体化组织、规范存储这一瓶颈问题以及学术资源共享的现实需求,尝试在历史地理信息系统(历史GIS)研究中引入地理信息系统(GIS)的多尺度地理网格概念及方法。通过沿用中国历史地理信息系统(CHGIS)中“生存期”概念,采用地理网格来关联空间信息,形成了一套基于地理网格的历史地理数据规范性组织方法。基于上述方法,探讨了矢量、栅格两种数据结构的网格化描述方案,以及基于“对象表-编码表”的网格化存储具体方案,并分别就不同数据结构给出典型应用案例。上述理论及案例表明,地理网格可以通过关联空间信息进而成为关联历史地理数据的纽带,为数据的规范性整合、检索、一体化表达提供了新思路。Presently, with practical demand for academic resource sharing, it is difficult to organize and standardize the storage of multi-source heterogeneous historical geographic data. To solve these problems,this study introduces the multi-scale geographic grid in the geographic information system(GIS)into the Chinese Historical GIS(CHGIS). Following the concept of "lifetime" in CHGIS, this study uses geographic grids to correlate spatial information, exploring the normative method for organizing historical geographic data based on geographic grids. Based on the above methods, this study discusses the grid description schemes of vector and raster data structures as well as the specific scheme of grid storage based on "object table-code table",which offers typical application cases for different data structures. It is demonstrated that the geographic grid can link historical geographic data by correlating spatial information which provides new ideas for the standardized integration, retrieval, and expression of data.

关 键 词：地理网格 历史地理信息系统 空间数据模型 数据组织方法 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]